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Digestive System (Digestion (Mechanical The physical act of cutting up…

- - - - Esophagus
        
        Stomach
        
        Small Intestines
        
        Duodenum
        
        Jejunum
        
        Ileum
        
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- - - - Arteries
        
        Capillaries of the Digestive Tract
        
        Hepatic Portal Vein
        
        Capillaries of the Liver
        
        Hepatic Vein
        
        Inferior Vena Cava
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Glands
        
        Specialized Epithelial Cells located in the Mucosa layer of the stomach wall
        
        Millions are located across the interior of the stomach wall
        
        Parietal Cells
        
        Produce Hydrochloric Acid (HCL)
        
        Cells are shaped like an "E"
        
        Produce Gastric Intrinsic Factor to aid in absorption of Vitamin B12 by the Small Intestines
        
        Chief Cells
        
        Secretes Pepsinogen
        
        Activated by Acid (HCL) to produce Pepsin
        
        Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down protein
        
        Secretes Gastric Lipase to help in fat digestion
      - Sphincters
        
        Cardiac - prevents stomach acid from going back up the Esophagus
        
        Pyloric - Controls the entry of Chyme into the Small Intestine (Duodenum
      - Folds
        
        Called Rugae
        
        Longitudinal Folds on the inside wall of the stomach
        
        Allow for the storage capacity of the stomach to increase
    - - Circular Folds
        
        Permanent transverse ridges of mucosa and submucosa
        
        About 1 cm tall
        
        Created a spiral pattern in the Small Intestine
        
        Slows movement of Chyme and increases the surface area for nutrient absorption
        
        Villi
        
        Finger like projections of the mucosa
        
        About 1 mm in height
        
        Covered by Simple Columnar Epithelium for nutrient absorption
        
        Microvilli
        
        covers the apical surface of Enterocyte cells
        
        Exceptionally long and densely packed
        
        Plasma membrane contains enzymes to complete the final stages of digestions
      - Glands
        
        Duodenal
        
        Brunner Glands
        
        Located only in the Duodenum of the Small Intestines
        
        Secretes Alkaline bicarbonate rich mucus to neutralize acidity of Chyme
        
        Mucus contributes to the protective layer on the inner surface of the small intestines.
        
        Intestinal
        
        Crypts of Lieberkuhn
        
        Secretes a watery intestinal juice
      - Ileocecal Valve
        
        Location: where the Ileum of the Small Intestines connects to the Large Intestines
        
        Keeps digested food moving forward, prevents food from backing up into the small intestine
      - Peyer Patches
        
        A collection of Lymphocytes
        
        Lymphatic Nodules
    - - Teniae Coli
        
        A ribbon of three longitudinal muscles the run along the middle of the Large Intestine
        
        Contracts and pulls the Large Intestine into pouches or sacs
      - Haustra
        
        The pouches or sacs formed by the Teniae Coli muscle
        
        Raised areas of the Large Intestines
      - Epiploic Appendages
        
        Fat filled pouches of visceral pericardium
        
        Hang from the Large Intestine
    - - Internal Sphincter
        
        Smooth Muscle
        
        Involuntary Contractions
      - External Sphincter
        
        Skeletal Muscles
        
        Voluntary Contraction