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Central Nervous System (Drugs that affect the brain (methamphetamine…
Central Nervous System
Major functions of the nervous system
divisions of the nervous system
Central Nervous system-information is integrated, thoughts and emotions are generated, memories are formed and stored, most nerve impulses that influence effector organs begin in CNS
Peripheral nervous system-consists of cranial and spinal nerves,
sensory-carry information from body toward CNS
motor-carry instructions away from CNS to target or effector organs of body
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system-brings info from receptors in internal organs to CNS and motor neurons to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands, responses are involuntary
sympathetic nervous system-fight or flight, emergency or non-normal situations
Somatic nervous system-brings info from skin, special senses, body wall and limbs to CNS and motor neurons to skeletal muscles, voluntary portion of PNS
parasympathetic nervous system-feed and breed, normal everyday situations
function of the nervous system
integrative functions-it analyzes sensory information, stores some aspects, and makes decisions
motor functions-it may respond to stimuli by initiating muscular contractions or glandular secretions
Sensory function-detects changes within body and outside body
Major part of the brain and their functions
cerebellum
vermis-worm shaped structure between cerebral hemispheres
cerebellar pedunaes-connect cerebellum to other parts of the brain, coordination, balance and posture
protections and coverings
meninges-three connective tissue layers
arachnoid mater-spider like collagen and elastic fiber, thin membrane that lacks blood vessels
pia mater-innermost layer,nearly transparent, has many nerves and blood vessels
dura mater-most outerlayer,dense, irregular CT with many blood vessels and nerves
bone-cranium and vertebral column
brain stem-connects spinal cord to diencephalon
Medulla oblongata-regulates cardiac muscle (heart rate), vasmotor center(blood vessels), respiratory center (rate and depth of breathing
reticular formations- responsible for maintaining consciousness and awakening from sleep
Pons-connects spinal cord with brain and links parts of the brain with one another by way of tracts, aids in control of breathing
diencephalon
hypothalamus-controls regulation eating and drinking, controls body temperature, regulation of consciousness, emotional and behavior diurnal
limbic system-emotional aspects of behavior and aids in memory, the pressure center
thalamus-surrounded by the third ventricle, relay station for sensory impulses to cerebral cortex, plays a role in emotions, memory, awareness, and cognition
pituitary glands-hangs down anterior portion of the hpothalamus
cerebrospinal fluid-protects, cushions, nuorish brain and spinal, formed by choroid plexuses of brain
cerebrum-largest portion
Names of all the lobes and their functions
temporal-smell, hearing
parietal-recive impulses for touch, pain, proprioception, and temperature
frontal-controls voluntary actions of specific muscles or groups of muscle on the opposite side of the body
occipital-vision
Spaces and ventricles
ventricles- there are four ventricls in the brain that contain cerebral spinal fluid,
spaces- like myelin,are gaps within the brain
Tissues
nerve tissue- made of neuron and neuroglia
Classification of neurons
bipolar-one main dendrite and one axon, usually found in special sense organs
unipolar-just one process, and are always sensory neurons, axon terminals are in CNS and cell bodies in ganglia
multipolar-several dendrites and one axon, neurons of CNS are mostly this type
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
parts of midbrain
cerebral peduncles- little feet of cerebrum
corpora quadrigemina-reflex center for movement in response to sound and visual stimuli
Action potential-nerve impulse is transmitted during action potential, strong enough stimulation or nerve impulse causes Na+ gates to open, Na+ rush into cell causing depolarization
Drugs that affect the brain
methamphetamine-intense pleasure and exhilaration
alcohol-loss of motor coordination,impairs resoning, balance, speach, reaction time, judgmen, nausea, vomiting, lack of physical control
marijuana-removing unessecary short term memory, relaxed and calm
cocaine-controlling voluntary movements
ecstasy-feel happy, sleepy
LSD
-feelings of wakefullness, evoking a startled response, dialated pupis, higher body temperature
heroine-several hours of drowsiness, may cause nausea, vomiting, severe itching