Central Nervous System
Alcohol
Alcohol is taken by drinking it and the effects of it is the loss of motor coordination and impairs reasoning, balance, speech, reaction, time and judgement.
Anabolic steroids
is taken by injecting or by the mouth and the effects are it increases risk at the heart attacks, strokes and liver problems and undesirable physical change such as hair loss and acne.
Cocaine
is taken either snorting, injecting or smoking, it increases energy, decreases appetite and mental alertness in the user which is very highly addictive
Dissociative Drugs
is taken by mouth, snorting or smoking. it disconnected from the reality, near death experience, effects as PCP, if taken a higher dose.
GHB & Rohypnol
is taken by the mouth and the effects are can lead to seizure, loss of consciousness and coma or death.
Hallucinogens
is taken by the mouth, snorting and smoking. the effects are hallucination, dilated pupils, higher body temp, increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Heroine
Is taken by injecting , snorting or smoking. Effects can lead to causes a rush of pleasure in the user that is usually collma by serveal hours of drownsiness :
Inhalants
is taken by sniffing fumes, spraying aersols into the nose or the mouth.
Effects are permanent brain damage or sudden death .
Marijuana
is taken by smoking it and effects are slow reaction time sleepy or depressed.
MDMA
Is taken by the mouth, the effects are physical effects, chills muscle cramping, teeth clenching and other reductions
Methamphetamine
Is taken by the mouth, snorting, injecting or smoking. Effects are the mental alertness and increases energy, toxic effect on the brain and elevate the body temp may cause convulsions.
Nicotine
Is taken by smoking, chewing or dipping. The effects are cancer, heart disease, stroke, emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Names of all the lobes and their function
Frontal which is the forehead
Temporal which is above the ear.
Parietal is the tops sides
occipital which is the back
action potential
K+ rush out of neuron after the Na+ rushes in, which causes a repolarization of the membrane back into resting potential
strong enough stimulation or nerve impulse causes Na+ gates to open, then Na+ rush into cell causing depolarization.
nerve impulse is transmitted during action potential
if strong enough depolarization occurs
Layers of the meninges
pia mater follows contours of the brain and spinal cord, innermost, nearly transparent layer has many nerve and blood vessels.
Dura mater has the meningitis inflammation of meninges, dense irregular CT with many blood vessels and nerves outmost layer and attached to periosteum.
arachnoid mater is the subdural space fluid filled area between dura and subarachnoid, spider web like collagen and elastic fiber and the thin membrane that lacks blood vessels.
tissues ( structure and function of a neuron)
function
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interneurons
multipolar neurons in CNS that form links between other neurons
neurons are made of
cell body
denarites
contains nucleus and other organelles
receiving options, short , taped and highly branched
motor or efferent neurons
nerve tissue are made of neuron and neuroglia.
most unipolar, some are bipolar.
transmit sensory impulses toward CNS
have specialized receptor ends at tips of dendrites or the dendrites are in contact with specialized receptor cells in skin or sense organs
major functions of the nervous system
motor function it may respond to stimuli by intiating muscular contractions or gladuar secretions.
integrative function is when it analyzes sensory info, store some aspects and makes decisions regrading appropriate behaviors.
sensory functions is when it detects change within the body and outside the body as well.
major part of the brain and their functions
cerebellum
"little" brain
cerebrum
largest portion
diencephalon
superior to brain stem, surrounded by cerebrum
made of thalamus and hypothalmus
brain stem
made of the midbrain, medulla oblongata and the pons.
Spaces and ventricles
subarachnoid space which is the fluid area between dura and subarchnoid mater.
cerebral aqueduct which is between arachnoid and pia mater.
third ventricle which lies between the two thalamic bodies
fourth ventricle which is located between the cerebellum and the pons.
drugs that affect the brain
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
major parts
cocyxgeal
cervical
thoracic
kumbar
sacral
connects a large part of the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
functions
coordinate reflexes that are managed by the spinal cord alone.
relays message from the brain to different parts of the body
performs an action
pass along messages from sensory receptors to the brain.
classification of neurons
bipolar
one main dendrite and one axon
usually found in special sense organs
multipolar
several dendrites and one axon
neurons of CNS are mostly this type
unipolar
axon terminals are in CNS and cell bodies in ganglia
just one process and are always sensory neurons