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Eoin_Garcia_block5_MM6 (Overview of respiration reaction (Respiration…
Eoin_Garcia_block5_MM6
Mitochondria and respiration
Mitochondria (plural mitochondrion) is present in all eukaryotic cells
Mitochondria carry out aerobic respiration - the oxygen-dependent transfers of energy from glucose to ATP
Respiration is a reverse reaction of photosynthesis
Overview of respiration reaction
Respiration occurs in the cytoplasm (anaerobic respiration), mitochondrial matrix (Kreb cycle), and on the inner mitochondrial membrane (ETC)
Respiration includes 4 sets of reactions:
Glycolysis
anaerobic respiration (can occur without oxygen)
evolved in anaerobic bacteria to release energy to 2 ATP
produces 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH (electron carrier molecule)
Fermentation
anaerobic respiration (can occur without oxygen)
evolved in anaerobic bacteria to empty NADH of e- (replenishes NAD+)
produces ethanol or lactic acid and 2 NAD+
KREB cycle (citric acid cycle)
aerobic (requires ETC with requires oxygen)
releases energy from pyruvate to e-
relays e- to coenzyme molecules (NAD+ → NADH; FAD → FADH2)
NAD+ and FAD each carry 2 e- to the ETC.
Electron transport chain (aerobic)
Receives 10 NADH and 2 FADH2 from the other 3 reactions
releases energy from electron to ATP
produces 2 ATP per FADH2 and 3 ATP per NADH
(this process of ATP production is called oxidative phosphorylation
Structure of Mitochondria
Mitochondria are the photosynthetic organelles of plant cells
They have 2 membranes:
outer membrane
inner membrane
Outer membrane contains protein channels called porins that allow small molecules, ions, nutrients, and ATP through.
Inner membrane is more selective
water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide pass freely
other molecules use special transport proteins
The inner membrane also contains the proteins complex that comprise the mitochondrial electron transport chain
The inner membrane is folded into structures called cristae to increase the it’s SA/V ratio.
In the inner membrane space called the matrix contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, and a majority of the other mitochondrial proteins.
Electron Transport Train
structure
Mobile Transporter
Complex III
Mobile Transporter
Complex IV
ComplexII
Complex I
Brings electrons along by taking and restoring energy