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Skeletal System Ariana Ochoa (Bone Names (Body (Cervical Vertebrae,…
Skeletal System Ariana Ochoa
Bone Names
Head
Frontal Bone, Zygomaic Bone, Maxilla, Mandible, Nasal, Parietal Bone, Squamos Suture, Lamboidal Suture, Coronal Suture, Tempoal Bone, Occipital Bone
Body
Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic Vertebrae, Lumbar Vertebrae
Midbody:- Clavicle, Sternum, Xiphoid, True Ribs, False ribs, Floating ribs, Costal Cartilage
Legs
Femur,, Tibia, Ulna, Patella, Tarsals, MetaTarsals, Phalanges, Calcaneus
Arms
Scapula, Humerus, Ulna, Radius, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges
Hips
illac crest, illium, pubis, ischium, sacrum, coccyx, pubic symphysis
Long Bones
Proliferation zone- Cells at the top side of the stack next to the resting zone compromise the proliferation zone. Cells here divide pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis and lengthening that entire bone
Hypertrophic zone- The older chondrocytes enlarge. Lacunae also enlarge leaving large interconnecting spaces.
Calification zone- Surrounding cartilage matrix calcifies.
Ossification zone- Calcified spicules are invaded by marrow elements from the medullary cavity.
Types Of Bones
Long Bones- They support weight and they also help faciliate movement. They help out the body by carrying its weight and being a big support
Flat Bones- Used to protect internal organs of the body. Locations: Skull, thoraic cage, and pelvis. They take care of the organ that is inside.
Short bones- They are shaped as cubes, and could be found in the carpals and the tarsals. They are what gives he body stability and movement.
Irregular bones- They have different shapes, therefore are not in any category. They have the ability to protect internal organs.
Bone Fracture Repair
Step 1- A hematoma forms. The blood clots are what make the hematoma where the fracture tissue becomes swollen and inflamed.
Step 2- Fibrocartiaginus callus forms. New assets grow in the clot. Fibroblasts and chondroblasts are where the fracture is. Together they connect the broken bone ends.
Step 3- Bony callus Forms. Osteoblast form spongy bone and new bone is created.
Step 4- Bone remodeling occurs , Bony callus is remodeled after a period of time.
Disorders
Burstits- the inflammation or irritation of the bursa. The bursa is a sac filled with lubricating fluid, located between tissues, that decreases rubbing,friction,and irritation.
Tendonitis- The inflammation of tendon sheaths. The symptoms are of pain and swelling. Treated with ice and anti-flammatory drugs.
Arthritis- Pain stiffness, and sweeling at the joint. Axute forms of arthririts usually result from bacterial invasion and are treated with antibiotics.
Osteoarthritis- Most common chronic version. It is said that the maximal joint uses prompt release of enzymes that break down the articular cartilage especially its collagen fibers.
Movements by synovial joints
Angular movements
Flexion, Extension, Abduction, and Circumduction
Rotation- turning a bone around its longitudrial area
Medial rotation- rotating towards the median plane
Lateral rotation- rotating away from the median plane
Gliding- Sliding the flat surfaces of 2 bones across eachother
Bone remodeling
Resorptio- osteoclasts eat up old bone
Reversal- mononuclear cells appear on the bone surfaceanf formation, when osteoblastslay down new bone unties
Hormonal controls determine whether and when remodeling occurs