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Jialin_Yu_block4_MM5 (Chlorophyll and Photosystems -an energy absorbing…

- - - - path of electron flow through proteins:
        H2O -->PSII-->PQ-->PC-->PSI-->FD-->FNR
        .
      - proton pump
        
        uses proteins to build the protein gradient
        
        uses energy to transport protons
      - ATP synthase
        
        an enzyme that generates ATP by converting the energy of protein
        
        requires a proton gradient where the concentration of protons is higher in the thylakoid than the stroma
      - proton gradient
        
        products of the electron transport chain
        
        a higher concentration of protons than the stroma fro the protein gradient causing ATP synthesis
  - - - Reduction phase
        
        energy reacts with chemicals to create G3P (a simple sugar)
      - Carbohydrate formation
        -carbohydrates, an important nutrient for most organisms
      - CO2
        
        using the chemical RuBP is attach to CO2 to start photosynthesis
      - regeneration phase
        -energy and sugar react forming RuBP in order for the cycle to restart
- - - - a supportive framework for a cell
      - is a colorless fluid in chloroplasts
    - - a particle of RNA and a protein
    - - surrounds a thylakoid lumen (Space)
      - where photosynthetic pigments are embedded
    - - outer membrane
        -permeable to small organic molecules
      - inner membrane
        -isn't permeable to ions and metabolites
      - intermembrane space
        where oxidative phosphorylation takes place
    - - the inside of the thylakoid
      - it is a substance called lumen
      - provides structure and helps build up concentration gradients of protons during photosynthesis