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JNTUK - R16 - CSE - CO UNIT-I: Basic Structure Of Computers (Computer…
JNTUK - R16 - CSE - CO
UNIT-I: Basic Structure Of Computers
Functional unit
input
memory
Arithmetic and Logic
output
control units
Basic Operational Concepts
Add LOCA, R0
Load LOCA, R1
Add R1, R0
Bus structures
Single-bus structure
The history of computer development
First Generation
The Second Generation
The Third Generation
The Fourth Generation
Beyond the Fourth Generation
Software
System Software
Application Software
Performance
Processor Clock
Processor circuits are controlled by a timing signal called a clock.
cycles per second is called
hertz (Hz)
Basic Performance Equation
T = ( N x S ) / R ; T = Performance parameter; R = clock rate in cycles per second; S = one machine instruction
Performance Measurement
System Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC)
SPEC rating = Running time on the reference computer / Running time on the computer under test
Computer Types
differs in
Size
Cost
Computational Power
Personal Computer / Desktop Computer
Notebook / Laptop
Netbook
Workstations
Enterprise Systems / mainframes
Servers
Super Computers