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Chan_Kelly_Block4_MM6 (mitochondria and respiration (respiration = reverse…
Chan_Kelly_Block4_MM6
mitochondria and respiration
mitochondria present in all cells
carries out aerobic respiration
oxygen dependent
transfer energy from glucose to atp
respiration = reverse of photosynthesis
process
anaerobic glycogen broken into two pyruvate
less efficient
lactic acid makes muscles hurt because of less oxygen ,
fermentation converts pyruvate to ethanol or lactic acid, to regenerate any nad+
constantly need eectrons constatnly flowing
nad+ needs to be replenished by putting electrons in ethanol or lactic acid
ethanol can be secreted and lactic acid is stored in muscles
kreb cycle aerobic
replenishes nad in electron transport chain
goes twice for every glucose
involved in making amino acids
electron transport chain uses all the nadh, pumps protons across the membrane
glycolysis
.
glycolysis is anaerobic no oxygen
energy investment stage two atps is spent to become pgal
electron acceptor stage,
energy harvesting stage energy added to original compound are transferred to adp with different enzymes
two pyruvate, 2 atp
2 nadph products glycolysis, ethanol
fermentation
kreb cycle
electron transport chain
.
three protons
nADH donate electron to first complex
FADH2 cant donate to first but second complex
how many protons are going to be pumped by FADH2 = 2
gonna skip first pump but goes to second and third
NADH are more energized than FADH2, NADH produces ATP (3), FADH2 produces (2) ATP , everytime it flows through a pump it produces ATP
ATP synthase harnesses energy to produce atp
nadh and fadh are bringing electrons to atc
nadh delivers at complex 1
fadh at complex 2
q will go to complex1 to get electrons to bring it to 3
c will go to complex 2 to get electrons to bring it to 4
mitochondria
photosynthetic organelle of cells
2 membranes
inner membrane
selective
water, oxygen, co2 pass through
other molecules use protein channel
contain protein complex
comprise the mitochondrial electron transport chain
folded into structures
cristae
increase SA/V ratio
matrix
contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, and a majority of the other mitochondrial proteins.
contains ribosome dna
outer membrane
has protein channel
porins
allow small molecule to pass through
.
it allows for small molecules ion throughout
inner membrane contains complexes
energy transfer and capture
sun provides light energy
chloroplast absorb the light energy
absorbs the pigments in wavelengths
use of thylakoids in stacks of granum
photosynthesis reaction
changes light energy to chemical energy
makes glucose
brings glucose to cytoplasm
for eukaryotes and prokaryotes
anaerobic reaction
glycolysis and fermentation
endergonic metabolic pathways
anaerobic reaction
to mitochondria
eukaryotes only
glycolysis reaction
changes to chemical energy
36 atp
aerobic reaction
krebs cycle and calvin cycle
endergonic metabolic pathways
producing 19 times more than anaerobic
structure and function of atp
adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
2 phosphate groups
if you add one phosphate group to adp you can get atp
adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
3 phosphate groups
medium energy bond
high energy bond
low energy bond
you can get adp by losing a phosphate group
releases energy
from food
using cellular respiration
high energy phosphate bond is broken
stored energy is released
used by enzyme to do cellular work
starch and glycogen can be hydroylzed into glucose, glycolysis
fats can be digested from glycerol
go through beta oxidation breaks fatty acid into two in the krebs cycle
adenosine
ribose
hydrocarbon
carbon
nitrogen