Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Integumentary System (functions of the skin (Protection (Uv rays, barrier…
Integumentary System
functions of the skin
Protection
Uv rays, barrier to pathogens, moisture in to prevent deeper tissues from drying out
sensory perception
respond to pain, pressure, temp, and touch
regulation of body temp
retain and lose heat, dialation and contrict blood vessels, sweat
storage
fat, glucose, water, vitamins, salts
Absorbtion
medication can be absorbed
excretion
salt, excess water, heat
production
vitamin D
Skin Eruptions
Vesicles
blisters or sacs full of fluid
Papules
firm raised area of skin
crust/scab
areas of dried pus and blood
pustules
sac filled with pus
Macules
flat spots on skin
wheals
itchy elevated areas with an irregular shape (insect bite)
ulcer
deep loss of skin surface that may extend into the dermis
Diseases and abnormal conditions
Impetigo
contagious skin infection characterized by yellow crusty scabs
Lesions should be washed with soap and water and kept dry
antibiotics both topical and oral are treatments
warts/verrucae
virual infection characterized by rough hard, elevated area on skin
plantar warts
some can disappear on their own, but those that don't have to be removed with liquid nitrogen, acid, electricty, or laser
dermatitis
inflamation of the skin
caused by substance that irritating it
dry skin, erythema, itching, edema, rashes, and scaling
treatment- aimed at eliminating the cause, antiflammation, ointments, or sterioids
Acne vulgaris
inflammation of sabaceous glands
cause is unknown and occurs during puberty
papules, pustules, balckheads
antiobiotics, vitamin A, oral antibiotics, or ultraviolet treatment
Athletes foot
contagious fungal infection
skin itches, blisters, cracks open
treatment- antifungal med, keep feet clean and dry
Psoriasis
chronic, non contagious, inherited skin disease
excerbations and remissions
stress, cold weather, sunlight, pregancy
symptoms- thick, red areas covered with white or silver scales
no cure, treatment- coal/tar creams, UV light, scale removal
RIngworm
Highly contagious fungal infection of skin/scalp
flat or raised circulatory area with a clear central area surrounded by an itchy, scaly, or crusty outer ring
antifungal medication oral and topical are used for treatment
Diseases and abnormal conditions
Eczema
Noncontagious, inflammatory skin disorder caused by an allergen or irritant
diet, cosmetics, soaps, medications, emotional stress
symptoms- dryness, erythema, edema, itching, vesicles, crusts, scaling
treatment- remove the irritant and apply corticosteroids to reduce the inflammatory response
Alopecia
Genetics
Baldness, perminately bald
boils
are a rather more deep seated infection of the skin. often caused by staphlococcus. They can cause painful red swellings
treatment- oral antibiotics
Hives/urticaria
red, itchy raised areas of the skin that appear in varying sizes and shapes
can occur any where on the body
Scabies
lesions on the skin cause intense itching
mites are the primary cause
treatment-topical and oral
topical- apply cream to control itching and give relief
oral- drink medication in order to control the itching
Decubitus Ulcer
also called pressure sore or bed sore
caused by prolong pressure of an area of the body
easier to prevent than to treat
heels, elbows, coccyx, sacrum, knees, occipital, shoulders, toes, ears, hips, ankles
Name for the skin and its structures
called a membrane because it covers the body
Called an organ because it contains several kinds of tissue
Called a system because it has organs and other parts that work together for a particular function
On average adults, the skin covers more than 3000 square inches of surface area and accounts for 15% of weight
stages of bedsores
ulcer has a red or blue areas that does not go away after pressure is released
characterized by abraisions, bruises, and open sores. top layers of skin are damaged
deep open wounds is formed. All layers of skin and damaged
Damage extends into muscle, tendon, and bone tissue
3 layers
Epidermis
Outermost layer
made out of 5 smaller layers
Strarum Corneum
outermost layer
cells are constantly being shed and replaced by new cells frim the strantum germinativuum
strantum germinativum
inner most layer
Dermis, "TRUE SKIN"
has all the elastic connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, involuntary muscle, sweat, oil glands, and hair follicles
Subcutaneous, or hypodermis
innermost layer
made up of elastic, fibrous connective tissue along with adipose tissue
Main types of glands
Sudoriferous glands (sweat glands)
Coiled tubes that extend through the dermis and open on the surface of your skin at air pores
sweat is odorless, the smell is caused by bacteria eating away the sweat
Subaceous glands
oil glands that open up into hair folicles
produce sebum, oil that keeps skin and hair from being dry and brittle. acts as an antibacteria and antifungal secretion
Skin Color
is inherited and determained by pigments in the epidermis
Melanin
Brownish, black pigment produced in the epidermis of the skin by specialized cells called melanocyts
carotene
yellow red pigment
abnormal skin colors
Erythema
reddish color caused by burns or congestion of blood vessels
Jaundice
yellow discoloration caused by presence of bile in blood
Cyanosis
blusih discoloration caused by lack of oxygen
Cancer
basal cell carcinoma
cancer of the basal cell in epidermis
slow growing and does not spread usually
Squamous cell carcinoma
thin cells of the epithelium
can spread quickly
lesions start to fall off and go flat then turn to crusts
Melanoma
cancer of melanocytes of epidermis
most dangerous type of skin cancer
lesions can be mutil colored
Benefits of proper alignment and turning
Alignment
prevention of fatigue, pressure ulcers, and contractures
Turning/positioning
prevention of pressure ulcers and hypostatic pnemonia
PIgmentation
a person who is absent of color pigment is an albino.
they have a pinkish tint and hair pale yellow, eyes lack color, and very sensitive to light