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The High Middle Ages and Feudalism (church (Art: Romanesque (PAINTING…
The High Middle Ages and
Feudalism
The feudal system
FEUDALISM:
political, social and economic system.
monarchs' loss of power,
personal loyalty and an economy
Christian kingdoms during the High Middle
origins
Division of
the Carolingian Empire
Europe suffered
attacks
villages and cities were sacked.
monarch divided the lands
as a reward to the nobles
power
hereditary
Monarchs didn't have resources
ask the nobles for help.
nobility power
increased
feudal wars.
castles
to protect them
monarchy
chancery
writing the the decisions taken
by the monarch
host
army composed of
the private army of the monarch
the private armies of the nobility
court
nobles who advised them
in governmental matters.
vassal relationship
vassals primises
loyalty to someone
more powerful
fiefdom
Castle:
easier to defend.
situated up
next to a river
Demesne:
the lord's land.
Cultivated by
his serfs.
Village:
situated near to the castle.
main building
church
peasant live there
Places of comunal use:
mills
forge
bridges
furnace
Economy and society
Agriculture and Livestock
agriculture techniques
Mouldboard
plough
Three-year crop rotation
Manure as fertiliser
society
nobility
lower knights
high
dukes, counts...
clergy
upper
bishops
abbots
lower
priests
monks
peasants
serfs
free peasants
church
pope
regular clergy
Religious orders:
pray
Military orders:
pray + fight
secular clergy
bishops and priests.
In charge of ceremonies
The political power of the Church
very close
Pope could
excomunicate
monarch
appointed bishops
Culture
spreading culture
Responible for education
Fear of hell
Fear of the end of the
world
The economic power of the Church
monarchs/nobles
gave lands and fiefs
to the Church
Art: Romanesque
Rural
Churches
looked like fortresses
Religious buildings
chapels and cathedrals
churches
Latin cross.
Lack of windows
PAINTING AND SCULPTURE
Symbolic character of images
walls or miniatures.
Symbolic character