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Injuries (Injury prevention (Extrinsic risk factor - an injury risk or…

- - - - Fractures - A fracture is a partial or complete break in a bone due to an excessive force that overcomes the bones potential to flex.
        
        Types of fractures:
        Compound: A compound fracture is when the bone breaks through the skin, creating an open wound with a high risk of infection.
        Simple: A simple fracture is when the skin remains unbroken as the fracture causes little movement of the bone and therefore minimises damage to the soft tissue surrounding it.
      - Dislocation - The displacement of one bone from another out of their original position.
        
        Types of dislocation:
        
        Normal dislocation
        
        Anterior dislocation
        
        Posterior dislocation
    - - Contusion and haematoma - Localised congealed bleeding from the ruptured blood vessels.
      - Sprain - The overstretch or a tear in the ligament that connects bone to bone.
      - Strain - The over stretch or tear in the muscle or tendon that connects muscle to bone
      - Abrasion - Superficial damage to the skin caused by a scraping action against a surface.
      - Blisters - Friction forming separation of layers of skin where a pocket of fluid forms.
      - Concussion - A traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain function
  - - - Stress fracture - A tiny crack in the surface of a bone caused by overuse.
      - Osteoarthritis - Degeneration of articular cartilage from the bone surface within a joint, causing pain and restricted movement.
    - - Shin splints MTSS- Chronic shin pain due to the inflammation of muscles and stress on the tendon attachments to the tibia.
      - Tendinosis - The deterioration of a tendon in the response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain.
        
        Examples:
        
        Achilles tendinitis
        
        Tennis elbow
- - - - Open
        
        Performed under general or local anaesthetic
        
        An incision is made to open a joint to repair or reconstruct damaged structures
        
        Although this can create a stronger repair, there is a high chance or infection and scarring is significant.
      - Keyhole/Arthroscopy
        
        Performed under general or local anaesthetic. A small incision is made and a tiny camera is used to guide repair. The damage to surrounding tissues is minimised, therefore the athlete will not suffer as much pain or risk of infection compared to open surgery. Due to this there is a faster initial recovery time compared to open surgery.