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Wong_Kerry_Block4_MM6 (Cellular Respiration (Anaerobic Respiration…
Wong_Kerry_Block4_MM6
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Energy Investment Phase
Hexokinase
Transfer phosphate group from ATP to the sugar
Makes glucose more chemically reactive
Phosphogluucoisomerase
Glucose-6-Phosphate is rearranged to convert into Fructose-6-phosphate
Phosphofructokinase
Transfer phosphate group from ATP to the sugar
Allosterically regulated by ATP and its products
sugar is split in half
Aldolase
Enzyme cleaves the sugar molecules into two different three-carbon sugars
dihydroxyacetone
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Isomerase
Molecule of glucose gets rearranged containing 2 phosphate groups
Energy Payoff phase
three-carbon sugar is turned into pyruvate
NADH is produced
Two ATP is produced
Anaerobic Respiration
uses glucose
Doesn't need oxygen
Process in the cell's cytoplasm
produces Lactic Acid
During exercises
Process in muscles
Gucose is change into lactic acid
Aerobic
Uses glucose and oxygen to produce CO2, H2O and energy
Takes place in the mitochondria
Electron Transport chain
located inside the inner mitochondria membrane
Last step in Aerobic respiration
Electrons are passing through the inner membrane
NADH
FADH2
FAD
Through Four complex of proteins
Complex 0ne
pump hydrogen ions into intermembrane space
Electrons carried by NADH
Complex two
Receives FADH
Does not go through Complex one
energize protein pump
Complex three
Cytochrome c proteins
pump protons through membrane
Complex four
cytochrome proteins c, a, and a
Reduce oxygen and picks up two hydrogen ions
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ATP is formed as a result of transfer of electrons from NADH or FADH2
Takes place in mitochondria
Electrons used to reduce molecular oxygen in water
Citric Acid or krebs cycle
aerobic respiration
energy from pyruvates and electrons
Citric Acid=first molecule that forms
Located in the matrix of the mitochondria
Steps
CoA combines with a four-carbon acceptor molecule=citrate
regulators of the cycle
Citrate is converted into its isomer
citrate is oxidized and releases a molecule of carbon dioxide
four-carbon molecule produced=succinate
succinate is oxidized and forms another 4-carbon molecule
water is added to the 4-carbon molecule from step 6
First 4-carbon molecule is regenerated by oxidation of malate and NAD+ is reduced to NADH
a-ketoglutarate id oxidize, NAD+ is reduced to NADH