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JessNyquistDigestiveSystem (Food Pathway (Small intestine, Large intestine…
JessNyquistDigestiveSystem
Organs
Stomach
Sphincters
Cardiac sphincter
Prevents acid from returning to esophagus
Helps prevent heartburn
Pyloric sphincter
Regulates volume of chyme entering small intestine
Gastric Cells (glands)
Parietal cells (glands)
Hydrochloric acid
Intrinsic Factor
Helps with absorption of vitamin B12
B12: Important for erythrocyte production
Chief cells (glands)
Pepsin
Pepsin = pensinogen + acid
enzyme helping with protein breakdown
Rugae
Increases storage capacity of stomach
Functions
Food storage
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Rectum
Feces storage
Well developed muscle to expell
Anal Canal
Mucus glands, for lubrication
Last inch of large intestine
Internal & external sphincters
Large Intestine
Function
Water & electrolyte absorption (ions)
Haustra
"sacs"
Teniae coli
Strips of muscle
Creates "sacs"
Runs longitudinally with large intestine
Epiploic appendages
Fat pouches of visceral peritoneum
Small Intestine
Functions
Mechanical digestion
Absoroption
Chemical digestion
Cellular structures
Duodenal glands (Brunner)
Secrete alkaline mucus
Alkaline mucus: neutralizes stomach acid
Intestinal glands (crypts of LIeberkuhn)
Secretes "intestinal juice"
Peyer patches (lymphatic nodules)
Collection of lymphocytes (MALT)
Ieocecal valve
Prevents backflow from large intestine
Circular folds
Absorption
Increase surface area
Slow down movement of chyme
Food Pathway
Small intestine
Large intestine
Stomach
Esophagus
Sigmoid colon
Pharynx
Anal canal
Oral cavity
Anus
Digestion
Mechanical digestion
Teeth, stomach, small intestine
Makes smaller pieces
Segmentation
In small intestine
Mixing with chemicals
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Adds chemicals & enzymes
Mouth (saliva), stomach, small intestine
Peristalsis
"Squeezing" movement
Keeps things moving forward only
Occurring from esophagus-large intestine
Organ Classification
Retroperitoneal "not within"
Pancreas
Duodenum
Descending colon
Rectum
Ascending colon
Intraperitoneal "within"
Transverse colon
Jejunum
Stomach
Liver
Ileum
Sigmoid colon
Accessory Digestive Organs
Liver
Bile
Emulsifies fat
Hepatic portal circulation
Abnormal circulation; includes capillaries & hepatic portal vein
Functions
Stores glucose (as glycogen)
Stores vitamins
Filter toxins out of blood
Processes fats & amino acids
Make bile
Makes blood proteins
Albumin
Globulin
Fibrinogen
Pancreas
Pancreatic acini
produce/secrete 22 enzymes
duct cells produce bicarbonate
alkaline substance: neutralizes stomach
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Concentrates bile
Cystic duct
Enters duodenum
Salivary Glands: parotid, submandibular, sublingual
-add to "tube" contents-
Mesenteries
Mesocolon
Transverse colon
SIgmoid colon
Posterior wall of abdomen
Functions
Space for blood vessels and nerves to reside
Fat storage
Keeps organs in place
Menentery proper
Ileum
Jejunum
Greater omentum
Greater curvature of stomach
Functions
Fat storage
Can enclose/wrap around infected organs
Segregate inflamed area
Structure
Stretches from body wall to digestive organs
Double layer of peritoneum
Lesser omentum
Lesser curvature of stomach