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Infection and disease (Preventing infections (Ignaz Semmelweis noticed…
Infection and disease
Preventing infections
Ignaz Semmelweis noticed that more mothers were dying from childbed fever after giving birth, and concluded that this was because of his medical students who didn't wash their hands after dissecting corpses (instead they spread infection)
Hygiene e.g washing hands, disinfecting surfaces, coughing into a hankerchief
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Viral diseases
Measles:
- no treatment
- isolate infected individuals
- spread by coughs/sneezes
- rash
HIV/AIDS:
- HIV can lead to AIDS
- hides inside the immune system
- weakens immune system so it cannot fight off pathogens, patient dies
- spread by sexual contact, blood
- no cure or vaccination, can be prevented by not sharing needles, wearing condoms
Tobacco mosaic virus:
- discolouration on leaves
- stops plant from photosynthesising
- Spreads by contact with diseased plants and vectors
- bad for famers - infects soil, reduces crop yield and there is no treatment
Viruses invade cells and replicating themselves whilst inside, eventually bursting out and releasing the new viruses (this cell damage is what makes you feel ill)
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Bacterial diseases
Salmonella:
- bacteria found on raw/under cooked meat
- food needs to be kept seperated from raw meats
- causes vomiting, diarrhoea
- no antibiotics
Gonorrhoea:
- STD that spreads by sexual contact
- antibiotics to cure it (however this is now more difficult because of strains tha have become resistant to antibiotics)
- can be prevented by using a condom or no sexual contact for the infected person until the antibiotics have worked
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