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c4 why do you delight to torture me (transition metals (hard strong shiny…
c4 why do you delight to torture me
group one
alkali metals
one outer electron
low melting and boiling
low density
very soft
very reactive
readily lose single outer electron
more reactive down the group
reaction with water
hydroxide and hydrogen gas
eg 2Na + 2H2O --> 2NaOH + H2
react vigorously
group seven
known as halogens
diatomic
covalent bond
boiling and melting increases down the group
chlorine is a green gas
bromine is a red brown liquid with orange vapour
iodine is dark grey crystalline, purple vapour when heated
reactivity decreases down the group
form salts with alkali metals
displacement
more reactive element pushes out less reactive one
colour change means displacement has happened
tests for gases
carbon dioxide makes limewater cloudy
hydrogen makes squeaky pop with lighted splint
oxygen relights glowing splint
chlorine will bleach litmus paper
group zero
noble gases
inert, colourless
low boiling point, melting point and density increase down the group
transition metals
hard strong shiny conductors
high melting and boiling high densities
good catalysts
kind of unreactive
reactivity
put pieces of metals in dilute hydrochloric acid
will make different squeaky pops based on reactivity
lighted splint
metals react with water, makes metal hydroxide and hydrogen
tests for anions
halide ions use silver nitrate
chlorine give while
bromide cream
iodide yellow
carbonates use hydrochloric acid
mixture will fizz
sulfate ions use barium chloride
white praecipitate
tests for cations
flame tests
lithium gives crimson
sodium gives yellow
potassium gives lilac
calcium gives red
copper gives blue green