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The Nervous System Yaritza Perez P.5 (Major parts of the brain (Cerebral…
The Nervous System Yaritza Perez P.5
Major functions of the nervous system
collect sensory input from the body and external environment
process and interpret the sensory input
respond to sensory input
Major divisions
Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord)
Peripheral Nervous System
Sensory (afferent) Nerves (rely info.)
Motor (efferent) Nerves ( carries impulses from the CNS to organ muscles)
Major parts of the brain
Cerebral Cortex
Thalamus
Corpus Callosum
Pineal Gland
Cerebellum
Mid Brain
Pituitary Gland
Pons
Hypothalamus
Medulla
Lateral Ventricle
Third Ventricle
Fourth Ventricle
Optic Chiasma - Optic Nerve
Formix
spinal cord
Arbor Vitage
Gyri & Sulcus
Superior Colliculi & Inferior Colliculi
Lobes
Frontal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Layers of Meninges
Dura Mater- tough, outer layer lining the verterbal canal
Piamater- innermost membrane surrounding the actual spinal cord
Arachnoid Mater- membrane between the dura mater and pia mater
Ventricles
4th venticle
3rd ventricle
lateral venticle
Cerebrospinal Fluid: fills spaces in the brain
Tissues
Schwann Cells- Myelin Sheath around axons
Satellite Cell- Protective cell that cushions cell body of axons
Neurons
1.Sensory Neurons- transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain from all parts of the body
Motor neurons: transmit impulses away from the brain and spinal cord to only 2 kinds of tissue
Interneurons- transmit impulses from sensory to motor neurons
Spinal Cord
Inner portion- is an H- shaped core comprised of gray matter = dendrites & cell bodies of neurons
Outer Portion: formed by collums of white matter, which is made up of spinal tracts= bundles of myelinated nerve fibers
Assending tracts - sends impulses up towards the brain
Descending tract- sends impulses down the cord from the brain
Action potential
Stimulus begins depolorization, thresold potential, repolarizes, repolarized, hyperpolarized, resting membrane potential
Drugs that can affect the brain
Heroine, Ecstasy, Marijuana, Methamphetamine, Alcohol, Cocaine, LSD
Diseases w/ brain
Brain tumor, Concussion, Dementia, Contusion, CVA, Alzhimers
2 types of motor neurons
somatic motor neurons ( conscious voluntary control)
automatic motor neurons ( automatic unconscious involuntary
Anatomy of the spinal cord
testcospinal
Anterior spinothalamic
Spintotectal
Anterior Spinocerebellar
Lateral Spinothalamic
Posterior Spinocerobellar
Fasciuius Cuneatus
Fasciculus Gracilis
Lateral Cortiscospinal
Rubrosping
Anterior Corticospinal
Reticulospinal
Vestibulosping
Coverings- nervous tissue is sensitive, surrounded by a protecting tough, fluid- containing membrane
Neurotransmitters- chemical compounds released from axon terminds of a presynaptic neuron into a synaptic cleft
actylcholine, catecholamines ( noreninehrine dopamine & serotonin)
Reflex Arc
sensory receptor to nerve ending detects stimulus
Sensory/ afferent neuron and sends signal to CNS
synapse / interneuron integration center to connection between sensory neuron and motor neuron
motor neuron and delivers response to target organs
effector then targets organ responds to signal