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Nissa_Langmo_BLK4_photosynthesis (Where does Photosynthesis take place?:…
Nissa_Langmo_BLK4_photosynthesis
Where does Photosynthesis take place?: Chloroplasts
Stroma
a supportive framework for a cell
is a colorless fluid in chloroplasts
ribosome
a particle of RNA and a protein
thylakoid
a membrane compartment in chloroplasts
where the light reactions of photosynthesis take place
thylakoid membrane
surrounds a thylakoid lumen(space)
where photosynthetic pigments are embedded
Thylakoid space
the inside of the thylakoid
it is a substance called lumen
provides structure and helps build up concentration gradients of protons during photosynthesis
Chloroplast envelope
outer membrane
permeable to to small organic molecules
inner membrane
isn't permeable to ions and metabolites
intermembrane space
where oxidative phosphorylation takes place
chemical formula
6CO2+12H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Stages
Calvin Cycle (non light dependents)
uses carbon dioxide and turns it into sugars for autotrophs
Steps
carbon fixation
using the chemical RuBP to attach to CO2 to start photosynthesis
reduction phase
energy reacts with chemicals to create G3P (a simple sugar)
carbohydrate formation
carbohydrates, an importnat nutriënt for most organism, forms
regeneration phase
energy and sugar react forming RuBp so the cycle can start again
Light-dependent reactions
electron transport chain
a serious of electron transfers through different proteins
Path of electron flow through proteins:
H2O-->PSII-->PQ-->PC-->PSI-->FD-->FNR
Proton pump
uses proteins to build of the protein gradient
uses energy to transport protons
ATP Synthase
an enzyme that generates ATP by converting the energy of proteins
requires a proton gradient where the concentration of protons is higher in the thylakoid than the stroma
Proton Gradient
product of the electron transport chain
a higher concentration of protons than the stroma from the protein gradient causes ATP synthesis
important functions
producing atp molecules
plating water molecules
Oxidative Phosphorylation
powers metabolic process in the cell from ATP
Chlorophyll and Photosystems
an energy absorbing protein made of different pigments
antenna pigments
chlorophyll (P700)
Leuitin
xeaxanthin (P470)
B-carotene (P500)
lycopene
photosystems 1 and 11
absorbing units of chloroplasts
Sequence of events
Chlorophyll b
Lutein
Xeaxanthin
B-carotene
Lycopene
chlorophyll a
Pigments
Anthocyanins
red, purple and blue pigments
Carotenoids
are responsible for the yellow and orange color in leaves
chlorophyll
responsible for the green color or plants and is responsible for chlorophyll
Tanin
brown pigment that is always in leaves, but isn't always