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Jialin_Yu_Block4_MM6 (Citric acid cycle (Krebs) (steps (Citrate loses 1…
Jialin_Yu_Block4_MM6
- Citric acid cycle (Krebs)
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steps
- Citrate loses 1 CO2, resulting compound is oxidized, NAD+ to NADH
- another CO2 is lost, resulting compound oxidized remaining molecule is attached to coenzyme A by an unstable bond
- citrate is converted into isocitrate. Involves removal of H2O and +H2O
- CoA is displaced by a phosphate group GDP forming GTP to ADP forming ATP
- acetyl CoA joins with a four-carbon molecule releasing the CoA group and forming citrate
- 2 hydrogens: FAD to FADH2 and oxidizing succinate
- addition of H2O rearranges bonds in substrate
substrate is oxidized, NAD+ to NADH regenerating oxaloacetate, continuing cycle
glucose, a 6 carbon sugar is split into 2 3 C-sugars --> oxidizes --> 2 molecules of pyruvate...YIELD: 2ATP+2NADH per glucose
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energy payoff phase
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this phase takes place twice, once for each of the two three-carbon sugars, it makes four ATP and two NADH overall
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2 types
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Aerobic
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requires oxygen and glucose, and produces carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
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- Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron transport chain
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steps
each carrier is reduced as it accepts an electron and is then oxidized when it passes onto the next carrier
The last carrier, cytochrome passes its electron to the final electron acceptor O2.
sequential redox reactions continue to occur as the electrons are transferred from one carrier to the next
FMN (flavin mononucleotide) is reduced when it accepts electrons from NADH, oxidizing NADH to NAD+
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