Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
chapter 9- nervous system ((Nervous System, complex and important body'…
chapter 9- nervous system
Nervous System
complex and important body's control system
monitors connections and corrects it
controls system of body, help from special senses
Functions
keep track of everything happening in body
Function of brain/spinal cord
CNS, control total nervous system
PNS
everything outside of the brain and spinal cord
Input side (sensory system)
takes everything in and brings it to the nervous system
Output side of nervous system
carries out orders and tell muscles and body glands to respond
Somatic nervous system
controls skeletal muscles and voluntary movements
Motor system
divided into 2 branches- somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
Somatic nervous system and automatic nervous system
controls smooth/cardiac muscles in organs glands
Parasympathetic nervous system
deals with normal body functioning and maintain homeostasis
Sympathetic nervous system
controls "fight or flight" response system
Nervous tissue
nervous system made up of tissue
made up of two types of cells- neuroglia and neurons
Glial cells
not capable of making decisions, sending orders, or measuring environment
Support activities
lining, covering cavities, supporting and protecting structures
Astrocytes
metabolics/structural support system, hold neurons/blood vessels close together
Microglia
remove debris and microbs
Ependymal
cover/line cavities of NS
Oligodendrocytes
hold nerve fibers together and make lipid insulation (myelin)
Schwann cells
make myelin for PNS
Satellite cells
support cells
Neurons
carries out all functions of NS
each part of the neurons have a function
Body
cell metabolism
Dentrites
recieves info from the environment
Axon
generates and sends signals to other cells
Axon terminals
where signals leave cells
Synapse
axon terminals and receiving cells combine
Bipolar neuron
1 axon and 1 dendrite
Multipolar
1 axon and many dendrites/branches
Unipolar
1 process that splits into central and peripheral projections
Input neurons
sensory, output- motor
Interneurons/associations
carry info between neurons
Depolarization cells
when the cell is more positively charged
Hyperpolarization
cells becomes more than resting
Action potential (AP)
cell moving depolarization, repolarization, and hyperpolarization
Multiple sclerosis (MS)
myelin in CNS is destroyed
Cause of MS
autoimmune attack
Symptoms of MS
vary on patient's myelin damage, vision problems, speech, and movement problems
Relapsing/remitting MS
symptomatic flare ups, patient at times with no symptoms
Chronic progression MS
no remission period; patient becomes more disabled
Diagnosis of MS
history of symptoms of flare ups
presence of plaque on MRI
no definition diagnosis
Treatment of MS
no cure
symptoms treated by steroid medicines
plasma exchange/intravenous immunoglobulin G
immunosuppressants drugs
3 stages of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
acute stage- initial onset of disease; patient steadily worsens
plateau stage- days to weeks; patient conditions is stable
recovery stage- patient recover functions
Diagnosis of Guillain-Barre Syndrome
history of ascending paralysis after viral infection
tests- EMG, cerebrospinal fluid analysis
Tx for Guillain-Barre Syndrome
supportive care while symptoms improve
ventilation support
prevent blood clots and bed sore
pain medicine
rehab after PNS recovery
Electrical synapse
transferring info freely; special connections
Synapse
needing neurons to communicate
Spinal cord
hollow tube running inside vertebral column
Sophisticated neural info superhighway
allows nerves impulses to travel to and from brain
Peripheral neuropathy causes
trauma (most common cause)
mechanical injury to nerves, falls, car accidents
Systemic disease causes
diabetes
kidney disorders
hormonal imbalances
alcoholism
vascular damage
repetitive stress
chronic inflammation
toxins
tumors
Infection and autoimmune causes
shingles
herpes
epstein- barr virus
HV
polio
lyme disease
Charcot Marie Tooth
1 most common inherited disorder
Diagnosis of charcot marie tooth
not easy
based on history of symptoms and presence of condition
CT, MRI, EMG, biopsy
TX for charcot marie tooth
underlying cause is treated
symptoms managed with medicines and therapy
Spinal cord injury causes
car accidents
violence
falls
work injuries
disease
Types of spinal cord injuries
severing of spinal cord
crushing
bruising
Expected outcomes of spinal cord injuries
bruises to spinal cord- time and rehab
severed/crushed spinal injury- permanent injury
Symptoms of spinal cord injuries
paralysis and sensory loss below injury
extent of paralysis affected depends on location of the injury
Cervical injury
patient becomes quadriplegic (paralyzed in all 4 limbs)
paralysis in diaphragm (assistance to breathe)
sensory perception lost below injury
Thoracic and lumbar injuries
difficult coughing or taking deep breathe
responsible for motor activities, conscious thought, and speech
Parietal lobes
involved with body senses perception, primary taste, and speech
Occipital lobes
responsible for vision
Inferior lobes
separated by lateral sulcus
Temporal lobes
involved in hearing and integration of emotions
Insula
in temporal lobes; 5th lobe- not visible on surface of cerebrum
Contralateral
much info coming into the brain
right of the body is controlled by left side of the cerebral cortex and left side is controlled by the right side of cerebral cortex
Cerebellum
posterior to cerebrum
divided into hemispheres
involved with sensory collection, motor coordination, and balance
Vermis
raised ridges
External look
easy to see; that's why it's called little brain
Brainstem
stalk-like structure inferior to and partially covered by cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
responsible for impulses that control the heart heart, respirations, and blood vessels