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PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR: any act performed with the goal of benefitting another
PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR
: any act performed with the goal of benefitting another
altruism
: completely selfless motive
helping even when costs > benefits
Batson's empathy-altruism hypothesis
: we help out of empathy
empathy
: taking another person's perspective
implication
: we don't consider the costs, reckless?
the Carol study
: % of helpers increased with more empathy but also more benefits
kin selection
: help people closely related to us bc they share our genes
extended kin selection
: similarity of appearance & proximity signals shared genes
group selection
: groups with altruistic individuals = more likely to survive > groups with selfish members
social exchange theory
: helping when rewards > costs
implications
: negates altruism
complications
: hidden benefits
social norms
: we help to conform
reciprocity
: we help so others can help us
equity
: we help to restore balance
social justice
: we help the deserving
egoistic distress
: we help to soothe our conscience
implication
: negates altruism
factors that inhibit helping
social norms
if others aren't helping
mind ya business
bystander effect
: other people will help
diffusion of responsibility
: the more people in a group, the less likely an individual is to help bc they feel less responsible
time pressure
construal
steps for helping to occur (
NERM P
)
notice something happening
interpret as emergency
take responsibility
method of help
provide help