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Puirt-a-Beul (origins of puirt-a-beul (controversey (Ross - evangelists…

- - - - instrument confiscations
        
        how widespread?
      - evidence beforehand
      - later uses, not sole origin
    - - Act of Proscription 1747
        
        ban on culture
        
        banned implicitly
      - evidenced beforehand
    - - David Young's Manuscript
        
        1730s-40s
      - originate 17th century - or older?
  - - - loosely mapped to human movement
      - rhythm predominantly strathspey
        
        any movement uses this
    - - dancing song/work song
        
        song with associated movement
      - structural diversifications
        
        dissociation of song and dance
      - ritual dances, binary structure, strathspeys & dance
        
        come together 17th century
  - - - no attempt to date through textual evidence
      - use of material culture
    - - human voice always used [Mithen]
- - - - higher register gaelic
    - - An Dotair Leòdach
    - - overt/symbolic
      - associations fade
      - few inhibitions
    - - verbal repetitiveness
      - meaningless
      - c.f. Sparling
        
        real words, not just vocables
        
        local audience/references
        
        some disappeared/meanings lost
  - - - Bruford - contest this
      - simple & repetitive words
      - evidence from 1770s-1950s
        
        travel writing, music collections, oral traditions
    - - Lamb - derivative constricts appreciation
      - filter of song
- - - - 'marriage between dance tunes & gaelic words'
      - nonsensical, witty, crafted
    - - outgrown original function
    - - Sparling - lower status
        
        easier for learners