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past perfect (S+"had"+V3+O (completed action (before another…
past perfect
S+"had"+V3+O
completed action
before another action in the past
when
The whole house had just burnt down when the fireman got there.
before
I had never such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
after
After she had moved out ,I found her notes.
as soon as
As soon as she had done her homework.She went to bed.
already
It had already stopped raining when I bought an umbrella.
just
about time
Duration before something in the past
When he graduated ,he had been in London for six years.
before a specific time in the past
I had never been in the mountains before last January.
can also use past simple
example
past simple
He went to Berlin once in 1989 before he moved there in 1992.
past perfect
He had been to Berlin once in 1989 before he moved there in 1992.
explain or give reason
I"d eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry.
Reported speech
Mary said she had already seen this film.
(Unreal)conditional 3
If I had known you were ill,I would have visited you.