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Morphological (Grammatical) Units (GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY [sets of language…
Morphological (Grammatical) Units
WORD (gram.unit)
Morphem (gram.form)
TYPES
OVERT: go - goes
COVERED: man - men
DISCONTINUOUSs: go - is going
SUPPLETIVE: good - better
ZERO: sheep - sheep
GRAMMATICAL CATEGORY
[sets of language elements (words, their significant parts, their combinations)
always realized in this or that form
Grammatical meaning
[realized of whole classes of words]
H.Sweet: GM -
abstract
(while lex.meaning - concrete)
GRAMMATICAL FORM [grammeme]
Category of NUMBER
Singular: a girl, a woman
Plural: girls, women
TYPES
ANALYTICAL (singular nouns, positive degree in adjectives)
a notional word + an auxiliary word
a very productive way of form building
(especially for verbs)
has written:
has - carries grammatical meaning
Written – contains lexical meaning
ZERO EXPONENTS
HOMONYMOUS SUFFIXES
[boiz] the plural number / the genitive
[drinkz]: 3d person, singular, present tense, indicative mood, non-continuous aspect, active voice of a
verb / the plural number of a noun
SYNTETIC
Affixation
prefixes (before the root)
suffixes (after the root)
infixes (within the root).
prof. Smirnitsky: stand (from stood) an
infix (?)
Sound Interchange
number of nouns
(foot—feet (vowel interchange)
wife—wives (consonant interchange)
degrees of comparison of adjectives
(much — more — most (vowel + consonant interchange)
main forms of irregular verbs
(to sing—sang—sung (vowel interchange)
to send—sent—sent (consonant interchange)
to bereave — bereft — bereft (vowel +consonant
interchange)
Sound Inerchange + Affixation
(they—them)
SUPPLETIVE: different roots (good, better best)
BINARY PRIVATIVE OPPOSITIONS
The singular (table)
the plural (tables)
The active voice (write) - the passive voice (written)
WEAK / UNMARKED
STRONG / MARKED (books,asked, was asked)