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19 DECOLONISATION IN AFRICA (Central African Federation (Of: (Northern…
19 DECOLONISATION IN AFRICA
Reasons for decolonisation
Economic impact of WW2
Changed international circumstances
USA/USSR hostile to imperialism
Emerging nationalism
Changing European priorities
Post war recovery
EEC
Colonial Development Corporation established
1947
Cohen
Head of Africa department in Colonial Office
Described Gold Coast as the most advanced region to rule itself
1946
Burns Constitution
Gold Coast
Legislative Council
12 Briish
18 elected Africans
CCP won 2/3 1951
Nkrumah became PM 1952
1956
Plebicite in Togoland
Unified Togoland with Gold Coasts
In 1957 had elections with full adult suffrage
Fully independent as Ghana 1957
Nigeria
1947
Richards Constitution
Greater African Representation
Governor General
Executive Council appointed by Governor
Legislative Council extended
Assembly for each region
West
South
East
Nigeria
1951
Macpherson Constitution
National Council of Ministers
Answerable to 185 Federal House of Representation
Stimulated Nigerian political parties
Regions strengthened
Each had a government and an elected assembly
Revisions and a federal election 1954
Government
3 British
9 Regional ministers
Independence 1960
Sierra Leone
Independent 1961
Gambia
Independent 1965
Kenya
Population increase war years
Nairobi increased by half
Dar-es-Salaam and Mombasa doubled
Protest
High inflation
poor housing
overcrowding
Failed Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme
1946
Massive investment
Abandoned 1951
Cost $49 million
Kikuyu resorted to violence
Mau Mau Rebellion 1952-6
Independent
1963
Tanganyika
Independent 1961
Tanzania
Uganda
Independent 1962
South Africa
White Majority in control
Since 1931
Dominion status in the Statute of Westminster
1948
Afrikaaner Nationalist Party won power
Implemented apartheid
Opposition to apartheid led by the African National Congress
Sharpeville
1960
69 protestors killed by the police
Had pressed since 1948 for Britain to give them Bechuanaland, Basutoland and Swaziland
Britain refused
1961 White pop voted to become a Republic and leave Commonwealth
Britain balanced Southern posessions against South Africa
Northern Rhodesia
Copper rich
Southern Rhodesia
Agriculturally rich
Nyasaland
Economically undeveloped
Basutoland
Independent 1966
Lesotho
Bechuanaland
Independent 1966
Botswana
Swaziland
Independent 1968
Central African Federation
Of:
Southern Rhodesia
Northern Rhodesia
Independent 1964
Zambia
Nyasaland
Indep 1964
Malawi
Created 1953
Some protection for African Rights
Discriminatory legislation could be vetoed by Britain
Limited African representation in Federal Assembly
Nationalism Rose
Leaders imprisoned
Nationalist leaders released 1960
Britain drew up new constitutions
Disbanded 1963
South Rhodesia
1961
Grow support for Rhodesian Front Party
Aimed for elections under white control
Won 1961
1965 PM Ian Smith declared Rhodesia indepepndent
1969 became a republic
led to guerrilla war