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Runway Safety Plan :check: (Aircraft Operators (Flight Ops: SOPs Flight…
Runway Safety Plan :check:
Air Navigation Service Providers
Latent Conditions(Aerodrome Design )/Active Human Performance (Communication Errors)
Ensure that all air traffic controllers are aware of identified runway incursion ‘Hot Spots’ and mitigate the associated risks.
Ensure proper coordination between the ANSP and Aerodrome
Operator is in place for any planned Aerodrome works.
Ensure all air traffic controllers are properly informed about planned aerodrome works.
Active Human Performance
(Latent Conditions
/Workplace Conditions)
Use a common frequency for runway operations (to increase
situational awareness of pilots, drivers, ATCOs).
Ensure all communications associated with runway operations at
international airports are in aviation English.
Assess air traffic controllers’ operational radiotelephony communications. Targeted areas should include, but not be limited to: a) Ensuring the use of full aircraft or airside vehicle call signs for all runway operation communications. b) Establish and follow procedures to avoid confusion due to same or similar call signs. c) Ensuring the use of standard phraseologies in accordance with applicable State regulations and ICAO provisions (e.g. ICAO Manual of Radiotelephony (Doc 9432)). d) Monitoring and ensuring the proper use of the read back procedure.
Improve the use of controller memory aids to reduce the possibility of controllers issuing conflicting ATC clearances for aircraft, vehicles or persons to occupy the runway
Enable controllers to maintain a ‘heads up, eyes outside’ posture with unimpeded visual lines of sight to all parts of the manoeuvring area as far as practicable, and whilst taking into consideration the availability of technological solutions that can provide an alternative view (e.g. A-SMGCS).
Training
Assess and where necessary improve procedures for air traffic controllers and ensure procedures follow available best practices and guidance. Some areas where procedures should be improved include, but are not limited to, the following: a) Procedures that assist to maintain good situational awareness for controllers, pilots and airside vehicle drivers. b) Procedures for when an aircraft or airside vehicle becomes lost or uncertain of its position on the manoeuvring area. c) Procedures for runway inspections. d) Aircraft runway clearance procedures.
Ensure that runway safety is included in initial and refresher training for Air Traffic Control staff.
Threats ( Meteorology)
Runway Incursions
Make use of technologies (such as A-SMGCS, stop bars and ARIWS) to improve situational awareness and provide warnings of runway incursions to pilots, controllers and vehicle drivers.
Threats ( Contaminated runway/taxiway Meteorology)
Runway Excursions
Review processes covering the timely provision of essential information on aerodrome conditions and other safety significant information such as weather, wind and runway surface conditions.
All Operators(user)
Training
Ensure runway safety training (e.g. runway excursion/incursion prevention) is part of initial and recurrent/refresher training regimes for all relevant operational staff. Joint training sessions between different stakeholders groups (e.g. pilots and controllers) should be encouraged.
Safety Management
Ensure appropriate Safety Management training of staff and make use of available training such as the ICAO Safety Management Training Programme (SMTP).
Make use of available resources such as the ICAO Safety Management Implementation Website and its safety management tools
Implement the elements of Safety Management and ensure the implementation of Safety Management Systems is in accordance with the applicable ICAO provisions.
Regulatory Oversight
Runway Incursions ,Runway Excursion
Actively participate in aerodrome local runway safety team (RST)activities.
Note: Aerodrome Operators shall establish and lead effective RSTs. Not applicable to Aerospace Industry.
Ensure all infrastructure, radio telephony phraseology, practices and procedures relating to runway operations are in compliance with ICAO, Regional and State provisions.
Develop and implement action plans to mitigate identified risks and monitor the implementation/effectiveness of those action plans.
Ensure that information is collected on all runway incidents/accidents and perform analysis and risk assessments to identify risks and contributing factors. These activities to be
reviewed and conducted on a recurring basis to reassess risks.
Aerospace Industy
Active Human
Performance
(Runway Incursions)
Consider development of runway collision avoidance systems
using aircraft and airside vehicle positional data.
Active Human Performance (Failure to Go-Around after Destabilized Approach Manual Handling /Flight Controls) (Runway Excursions)
Aircraft manufacturers should provide SOP guidance with clear
limits and actions to be taken following an approach deviation.
Continue development of stable approach and energy
management monitoring and alerting systems.
Flight Ops: SOPs
Flight Ops: Training
(Runway Excursions)
Train for effective use of new technology to determine landing
distance in all weather conditions.
Aircraft manufacturers should work with operators to improve SOP guidance based on operational experience.
Threats ( Meteorology)
Develop/improve and make available pilot visual aid enhancement technologies such as improved resolution airport moving maps, enhanced vision systems and Head up Displays (HUD).
General Action
Runway Excursions
Continue development of on-board real time monitoring and alerting systems to reduce the risk of overrun and veer-offs during landing.
Aircraft manufacturers should monitor and analyse all runway excursions worldwide for the aircraft they produce and share thelessons learned with operators and other stakeholders
Aircraft Operators
Active Human Performance
(Runway Incursions)
Ensure Pilots are timely and accurately informed of information
about aerodrome works.
Assess pilot’s operational radio telephony communications. Areas that should be targeted include, but are not limited to: a) Ensure all communications associated with runway operations at international airports are in aviation English. b) Ensuring the use of standard phraseologies in accordance with applicable State regulations and ICAO provisions (e.g. ICAO Manual of Radiotelephony (Doc 9432)).
Active Human Performance(Failure to GOA after Destabilized Approach Manual Handling /Flight Controls SOP Adherence)
(Runway Excursions)
Use root-cause analysis of SOP non-compliance to improve SOPs.
Include awareness of results of approach deviations from SOPsduring training.
Encourage the use of manual flying on approach and landing when weather conditions allow to maintain manual manipulation skills.
Ensure that go-around policies, procedures and training follows available resources and best practices.
Undesired Aircraft States Unstable Approach Long/floated landing
(Runway Excursions)
Equip aircraft with runway overrun awareness and alerting
systems, as appropriate.
Work with ANSP/Air Traffic Services Unit (ATSU) to implement procedural changes to systematically reduce the rate of unstabilized approaches to runways identified as higher risk byFDMdata analysis.
Establish, implement, and maintain a suitable accident prevention and flight safety program, which includes a comprehensive Flight Data Monitoring (FDM) programme.
Flight Ops: SOPs
Flight Ops: Training
Ensure that policies, procedures and training follow available best practices. Training may include, but not be limited to, the following: a) Assessment and analysis of non-normal situations not covered by SOPs. b) Effective use of new technologies to determine landing distance in all weather conditions. c) Planning and conducting approaches with appropriate contingency plans. d) Preparing for a go-around in the event of deteriorations of weather conditions. e) Manual flying skills on approach and landing. f) Bounced landing recovery techniques. g) Train pilots in crosswind and tailwind landings up to the maximum manufacturer-certified winds h) Enhance crew resource management (CRM) in both initial and recurrent training to improve decision making, maximize communication and coordination and minimize the chance for errors.
Encourage a policy on rejected landing to include pilot training
awareness
Provide SOPs with clear limits and actions to be taken following an approach deviation.
Work with manufacturers to improve SOPs based on operational experience.
Use SMS reporting and line operations safety audit (LOSA) assessments to identify deficiencies in SOPs and SOPs compliance.
Continuously review SOPs to ensure they are applicable to the
operation, up to date and tailored to the operation.
Training
Runway Incursions
Ensure pilots are made aware of any safety significant airport
information.
Ensure SOPs are clear, concise and follow available best practices and guidance.
Provide training and assessment for pilots regardingaerodrome signage, markings and lighting.
Threats ( Contaminated runway/taxiway Meteorology)
Make use of suitable technologies to assist in improving situational awareness especially during low-visibility operations, such as Improved Resolution Airport Moving Maps, Electronic Flight Bags, Enhanced Vision Systems and Head up Displays (HUD).
Review recommendations from available resources to identify ways to increase awareness of weather and airport surface conditions by pilots.
General Action
Runway Excursions
Improve crew resource management (CRM) in both initial and recurrent training to improve decision making, maximize communication and coordination and minimize the chance for errors.
Aerodrome Oprator
Aerodrome Design /Active Human Performance
(Runway Incursions)
Ensure that any signs with the potential for confusion during works in progress are properly concealed.
Ensure that any planned works undergoes a safety assessment by the aerodrome RST and SMS to identify any risks and take appropriate mitigation actions. Ensure all relevant stakeholders (ANSPs, Operators etc.) are properly informed of any planned works in advance, including the results of the risk analysis.
Ensure that any new infrastructure or changes to existing infrastructure take runway incursion risks and their mitigations into consideration. Make use of available best practices and guidance materials.
Consider implementing available technologies such as A-SMGCS and Autonomous Runway Incursion Warning System (e.g. runway status lights).
Through the RST identify local runway incursion “Hot Spots” through investigation reports and other suitable data and take actions as follows: a) Publish charts showing hot spots and ensure they are checked regularly for accuracy, revised as needed, distributed locally, and published in the AIP. b) Employ suitable strategies to remove or mitigate hazards associated with identified “Hot Spots” at the earliest opportunity.
Active Human
Performance
(Runway Incursions)
Co-ordinate and ensure implementation of Low Visibility procedures.
Establish and implement a formal “maneuvering area driver training and assessment programme” and periodically review driver guidelines. Pay particular attention to the following areas: a) Improving requirements and training for driving in adverse weather conditions, particularly low visibility and driving at night. b) Reviewing Airside Vehicle Driver training programme against available best practices and guidelines. c) Ensuring that procedures for the control of all vehicles on the maneuvering area are developed and implemented in coordination with air traffic control.
Threats ( Contaminated runway/taxiway Meteorology)
Runway Incursions
Co-ordinate and ensure implementation of Low Visibility
procedures.
Establish and implement a formal “maneuvering area driver training and assessment programme” and periodically review driver guidelines. Pay particular attention to the following areas: a) Improving requirements and training for driving in adverse weather conditions, particularly low visibility and driving at night. b) Reviewing Airside Vehicle Driver training programme against available best practices and guidelines. c) Ensuring that procedures for the control of all vehicles on the maneuvering area are developed and implemented in coordination with air traffic control.
Runway Excursions
Ensure that runway conditions are reported in a timely manner.
Make use of any available technologies, such as wind shear warning systems, where appropriate.
Ensure that runways, runway strips, manoeuvring areas and their associated visual aids such as signage, marking, lighting, etc. conform to ICAO Annex 14 Vol I specifications. In particular, paved runways shall be constructed or resurfaced as to provide such friction characteristics at or above the minimum friction level set by the State.
Implement an enhanced global reporting format for assessing and reporting runway surface conditions as set out in the amendment to ICAO Annex 14 Vol I (applicable 2020) and ensure staff are appropriately trained on its use (ICAO training material to be published in 2018).
General Action
Ensure that infrastructure restrictions such as changes to the published declared distances and runway length available are communicated in a timely and effective manner.
All runway ends shall have a runway end safety area (RESA) as required by ICAO Annex 14 Vol I, or appropriate mitigations such as arresting systems for aircraft overruns.
Regulatory Oversight (Safety Management)
Runway Incursions
Actively engage in RASG safety risk management activities related to runway safety.
States that need support in safety oversight should acquire support by an RSOO or other competent organisation.
Ensure the prevention of runway safety accidents and incidents is included in the State’s SSP
Regulators should ensure that runway safety is included in their safety oversight activities.
Runway Excursions
Conduct runway safety awareness campaigns that focus on local issues.
Ensure proper interface between the airport RST and the airport’s SMS.
Establish effective airport runway safety teams (RSTs).
State Civil Aviation Authority
Undesired Aircraft States Unstable Approach Long/floated landing
Runway Excursion
Establish requirements for operators to define and apply stabilized approach procedures, including criteria suitable for their operations, and for a mandatory go-around to be flown if they are not met and maintained.
Flight Ops: SOPs
Flight Ops: Training
(Runway Excursion)
Improve foundational aviation knowledge requirements for new
pilots.
Include requirements for manual flying skills on approach and
landing in recurrent training for pilots.
Work with aircraft operators to improve adherence to SOPs .
Training
Runway Incursions
Ensure that the content of training materials for Pilots, Air Traffic Controllers and Airside Vehicle Drivers includes runway incursion prevention measures and awareness.
Threats ( Contaminated runway/taxiway Meteorology)
Runway Excursion
Establish requirements for a reporting format for assessing and reporting runway surface conditions in accordance with the ICAO Global Reporting Format in Annex 14 Vol I (Applicability date 5November 2020).
Regulatory Oversight
Runway Incursions
Actively engage in RASG safety risk management activities related to runway safety.
States that need support in safety oversight should acquire support by an RSOO or other competent organization
Ensure the prevention of runway safety accidents and incidents is included in the State’s SSP.
Regulators should ensure that runway safety is included in their safety oversight activities.
Runway Excursion
Actively engage in RASG safety risk management activities related to runway safety
Certify aerodromes used for international operations in accordance with Annex 14 Vol I.
States that need support in safety oversight should acquire support by an RSOO or other competent organization
Ensure the prevention of runway safety accidents and incidents is included in the State’s SSP
Regulators should establish requirements and activities aimed at improving runway safety through a State Runway Safety Programme