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Respiratory System (Upper Respiratory Anatomy (Nasal Cavity (Features…

- - - - Superior, middle, inferior nasal conchae
        
        Disrupt air flow
        
        Allow for cleaning, warming, humidification of air
        
        Mucosa scrub and clean air
    - - Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  - - - Warm, clean, humidify air
      - Resonance of voice
      - Maxillary sinuses
        
        Ethmoid sinuses
        
        Sphenoid sinuses
        
        Frontal sinuses
    - - Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
  - - - Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
        
        Location of tonsils
    - - Nasopharynx
        
        Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
      - Oropharynx
        
        Lined with simple squamous epithelium
      - Laryngopharynx
        
        Lined with simple squamous epithelium
- - - - Conducting
        
        Connection of external orifices to respiratory bronchioles
        
        Nose and mouth to resp. bronchioles
      - Respiratory
        
        Connection of respiratory bronchioles to alveoli
    - - Upper Respiratory Tract
        
        Connection of nose/mouth to pharynx
      - Lower Respiratory Tract
        
        Connection of larynx to alveoli
  - - - Exchange of gasses between blood and cells of body
    - - Gas exchange between lungs and blood
- - - - Opening between vocal folds
    - - Cartilage which protects airway when swallowing
    - - Voice pitch production
  - - - Visible without magnification
        
        Partially ringed with cartilage, smooth muscle
        
        Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    - - < 1mm in diameter
        
        No cartilage present
        
        No cilia, goblet cells
        
        Lined with simple columnar epithelium
        
        Smooth muscle
    - - Air sacs
      - Histology
        
        Type I alveolar cells
        
        Simple squamous epithelium
        
        Allow gas exchange
        
        Type II alveolar cells
        
        Cuboidal epithilium
        
        Produce surfactant to prevent friction/adhesion of alveoli
        
        Macrophages
        
        Attack incoming pathogens
    - - 3 lobes right, 2 lobes left
        
        Cardiac notch on left
        
        Covered in visceral pleura
        
        Expand when diaphragm contracts, negative pressure draws in air
  - - - Incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage
        
        Trachealis muscle in space between hyaline surrounding
        
        Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
- - - - Type 1 Alveolar cell
        
        Simple squamous epithelium
        
        Basement membrane
      - Sinusoid Capillary
        
        Simple squamous epithelium
        
        Basement membrane
  - - - Heme groups contain Fe
        
        Binds O2 and CO2 for transport in bloodstream
    - - O2 used in electron transport chain
        
        CO2 byproduct of ETC