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Respiratory System (Respiratory Tract (Conducting (Nose or mouth to…
Respiratory System
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Larynx
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Epiglottis
Attached at opening of larynx, is a flap made of elastic cartilage, and closes to keep food from entering trachea.
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Pleura
Mediastinum
Between two lungs and contains hearts and parts of esophagus, trachea, phrenic and cardiac nerves, and thymus.
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Cavities and Sinuses
Nasal Cavity
Has conchae that creates turbulence that increases contact of coming air with mucosa. Surface is epithelial lining. Is for cleaning, and warming and humidifying incoming air.
Paranasal Sinuses
Has spaces maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, and frontal bones that gives voice resonance that moisterizes the inside of nose. Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
Pharynx
Has in descending from superior to inferior order: Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Has tonsils that also is the passageway for air, food, and drinks. Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithilum at the nasopharynx and stratified squamous at the orolarynx and laryngopharynx.
Bronchial Tree
Bronchi
Large to smaller and has cartilage with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Wrapped with smooth muscle
Sympathetic Nervous System relaxes smooth muscles and opens airway while the Parasympathetic Nervous System contracts the smooth muscles and tightens air ways
Bronchioles
Less than 1mm. in diameter, no cartilage, only pseudostratified columnar epitithelium, no mucus or goblet cells too.
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Alveolus
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Respiratory Membrane
Between alveolar and capillaries is simple squamous epithelium with basement membrane and in has exchange of gasses occurring between alveolar and capillary.
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Trachea
Passageway for air to reach lungs. Has partial rings of hyaline cartilage and is made of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and anterior to esophagus.