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Corrections (Doing Time Ins and Outs of Prison (How to Decrease Prison…

- - - - Education
      - Ability to work
      - Risk to security
      - Readiness/time to release
  - - - Security
      - Psychiatric units
      - Cost
    - - Increase in use of prescription medication
      - Outpatient with meds less expensive
  - - - Programming
      - Connection to community
      - Mental health
  - - - Doingtime
      - Jailing
      - Gleaning
      - Disorganized
    - - the values and norms of the prison social system that define the inmates’ idea of the model prisoner
      - Created within prison
  - - - Race
      - mental illness
      - Age
    - - Prisoner-Officer
      - Officer-Prisoner
      - Prisoner-Prisoner
- - - - Combined with parole
      - Funding
      - Controlled by the state
      - Training
    - - Controlled by the county
      - Indiana uses this system; parole- state; probation- county
  - - - Update or modification hearings
      - Revocation- technical reports
      - New pre-sentence investigation requested
  - - - Daily check-ins
      - Often require programming
    - - Costly to offender
      - High failure rate
      - Requires telephone service
    - - Probation diversion- under intensive surveillance those offenders though to be too risk for routine supervision
      - Institutional diversion- selects low-risk offenders already sentenced to prison and provides supervision for them in the community
      - Tougher than probation/attempt to avoid incarceration
- - - - Separate- - a penitentiary system, developed in Pennsylvania, in which each innate was help in isolation from other inmates; all activities took place in the cells
      - Congregate- a penitentiary system, developed in Auburn, New York, in which each inmate was hep in isolation during the night but worked and ate with other prisoners during the day under a rule of silence
  - - - Auburn Penitentiary, New York
      - Isolated at night, work together during the day
      - Congregate system
      - Began contract labor system involving inmates
    - - Incorporation of African Americans into correction system for use as a slave labor
      - "Slavery by Another Name"
      - "plantation model" of corrections
      - Post-Civil War south
    - - Quaker idea of reformation through isolation, repentance
      - Walnut Street jail/Eastern State Penitentiary
      - Separate sentence
  - - - Inmate change rewarded by release
      - Indeterminate sentences
      - National Prison Association meeting
      - Separation of sexes
    - - Created by Zebulon Brockway
      - Marks system- a point system in which prisoners can reduce their term of imprisonment and gain release by earning “marks,” or points, through labor, good behavior, and educational treatment
  - - - Education
      - Vocational training
      - Medical/psychological treatment
  - - - Vietnam War
      - Civil Rights Movement
  - - - Mandatory sentences
      - 3 strikes legislation
      - Longer sentences
      - Greater use of incarceration
- - - - Primarily county control
      - BOP operates 12
  - - - Hudson v Palmer (1984)- may search cells and confiscate without suspicion of wrongdoing or justification
      - Bell v Wolfish (1979)- body searches permissible to fit institutional need and when not used to degrade inmate
      - Florence v Board of Chosen Freeholders (2012)- may strip search those entering jail under minor offenses
    - - Punishment shocks conscience of a civilized society
      - Unnecessarily cruel
      - Is beyond legitimate penal aims
      - Totality of conditions
      - Deliberate indifference
    - - Procunier v Martinez (1974)- mail censorship only with demonstration of compelling government interest
      - Turner v Safely (1987)- may restrict mail between inmates at different institutions
      - Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) and Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act (RLUIPA)
    - - Due process- Wolff v McDonnell (1974)- basic procedural right in disciplinary hearings, sanctions
      - Equal protection- Lee v Washington (1968)- basic procedural right in disciplinary hearings, sanctions
  - - - Griffin v Wisconsin (1987)
      - Samson v California (2006)
    - - Morrissey v Brewer (1972)
      - Gangon v Scarpelli (1973)
- - - - Daily operation
      - Compliance