Metabolic Problems
Diabetes Mellitus
peripheral neuropathy in glove & stocking distribution
hypoglycaemia
general CNS signs: confusion, dizziness, ataxia, LOC, seizures, deaths
renal failure
uraemia: progressive weakness, easy fatigue, LOA, freq shallow resp & abnormal mental function
hepatic failure
hepatic encephalopathy: altered level of consciousness, changes in mood/personality, coma
hypothyroidism
poor memory and concentration, fatigue
B12 deficiency
peripheral neuropathy, absent reflexes, paraesthesia, dementia
thiamine deficiency
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome when due to alc; vision changes, ataxia and memory problems
electrolyte imbalance
^Ca2+
confusion, depression, delirium, hyporeflexia, weakness
\/Ca2+
numbness, muscle spasms, confusion, Trousseau's signs (tetany), hyperreflexia
\/Na+
headache, n&v, confusion, lethargy, weakness
muscular dystrophy
Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy: X-linked recessive disorder, progressive muscle weakness and then atrophy
Wilson's Disease
genetic disorder in which copper builds up in body
tremors, muscle stiffness, difficulty speaking, personality changes, anxiety