Metabolic Problems

Diabetes Mellitus

peripheral neuropathy in glove & stocking distribution

hypoglycaemia

general CNS signs: confusion, dizziness, ataxia, LOC, seizures, deaths

renal failure

uraemia: progressive weakness, easy fatigue, LOA, freq shallow resp & abnormal mental function

hepatic failure

hepatic encephalopathy: altered level of consciousness, changes in mood/personality, coma

hypothyroidism

poor memory and concentration, fatigue

B12 deficiency

peripheral neuropathy, absent reflexes, paraesthesia, dementia

thiamine deficiency

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome when due to alc; vision changes, ataxia and memory problems

electrolyte imbalance

^Ca2+

confusion, depression, delirium, hyporeflexia, weakness

\/Ca2+

numbness, muscle spasms, confusion, Trousseau's signs (tetany), hyperreflexia

\/Na+

headache, n&v, confusion, lethargy, weakness

muscular dystrophy

Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy: X-linked recessive disorder, progressive muscle weakness and then atrophy

Wilson's Disease

genetic disorder in which copper builds up in body
tremors, muscle stiffness, difficulty speaking, personality changes, anxiety