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Respiratory System- Alyssa Miller (general anatomy (lungs (Left: 2 lobes:…
Respiratory System- Alyssa Miller
respiration
external
exchange of gases between the lungs + blood vessels
internal
exchange of gases between blood vessels + tissue cells
major function- to exchange oxygen/carbon dioxide
general anatomy
conducting
from the nose/mouth (exterior) to respiratory bronchioles
respiratory
from the respiratory bronchioles to the alveoli
upper respiratory tract
nose to pharynx
lower respiratory tract
larynx to alveoli
lungs
Left: 2 lobes: superior, inferior + cardiac notch
Right: 3 lobes- superior, middle, inferior
pleura- membranes, parietal + visceral
gross/microscopic anatomy
nasal cavity
features: conchae- to create turbulance (increase contact of incoming air w/ mucosa)
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
function: clean, warm, humidify the incoming air
paranasal sinuses
features: frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
function: gives voice resonance, clean, warm, humidify incoming air
pharynx (nasal, oral, laryngo)
features: tonsils
function: passage for food, air, liquids
epithelium: top- pseudostratified ciliated columnar, middle/lower- stratified squamous
respiratory membrane
simple squamous cells + basement membrane + 2nd layer of simple squamous cells
capillary on one side - alveolar sac on other
functions: for the exchange of oxygen into the capillary + carbon dioxide out of the capillary
larynx
functions
voice production
provide open airway
make food/air go into the correct place (epiglottis)
glottis- opening between the vocal folds
epiglottis- cartilage over the glottis
vocal folds- vocal cords
trachea
function- passage for air to get into the lungs
features
partial rings of cartilage
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
anterior to esophogus
brachial tree
bronchi
go larger to smaller
have cartilage
pseudostratified ciliated columnar e
bronchioles
no cartilage
pseudostratified columnar e
< 1 mm in diameter
no cilia, no mucus
air passage
bronchi > bronchioles > terminal bronchioles > respiratory bronchioles > alveolar ducts > alveolar sacs > alveoli
alveolus
type I alveolar cells- simple squamous, abundant
type II alveolar calls- cuboidal, secrete surfactant (prevents alveolar walls from sticking together)
macrophages- wbc, locate + destroy particles that should not be in respiratory tract