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THE EARLY MODERN WORLD: CHALLENGING ROYAL AUTHORITY (The Pilgrimage of…
THE EARLY MODERN WORLD: CHALLENGING ROYAL AUTHORITY
The Pilgrimage of Grace
Causes
Religion :church:
There were fears about the pace of religious change, following the Reformation. Many in Lincolnshire liked the traditional Catholic ways, but the Bishop if Lincolnshire was a reformer
Government Action
The Act of Supression, Dissolution of the monasteries
Role of the Individual :man: :woman:
Robert Aske was the leader of the rebellion until nobels joined in. He was reluctant at first.
Economy :moneybag:
Taxes increased and there were taxes on rights of passage (eg. death). Rumors of the conficscation of Church wealth worried people.
Significance
Short Term
Henry sped up the pace of religious change
It reaffirmed this view that the King had absolute power
Long Term
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What Happened?
1st October 1536: There were rumors that on of the King's comissioners was going to take away St James's Church's silver plate
4th October 1536: One of the Bishop of Lincoln's men was killed and a list of demands was sent to Henry
10th October 1536: The rebels heard the King was coming with an army and disbanded; the (Lincolnshire) revolt was over.
An army of 30,000 men marched on York; they wanted the removal of Cromwell and restoration to traditional religion
In December 1536, list of greivances was drawn up and sent to the king at a meeting in Pontefract and on December 7th Henry issueda pardon for those involved in the rebellion
When a new revolt in January 1537 broke out, Henry used it was an excuse to retract his pardon. 216 people (including Robert Aske) wre executed
The English Revolution
Causes
Religion :church:
Engalnd was anti-Catholic after the Reformation. This was bad for Charles I who married a Catholic. Poeople thought Charles was trying to merge Catholcis and Protestants when he changed the Prayer Book
Government Action
Charles ruled arbitrarily.
The Economy :moneybag:
Charles wanted more and more money and kept on taxing (ship money)
Ideas :thought_balloon:
Charles belived in the Divine Right of Kings; this was the belief that the Kings power came from God, so they didn't need Parliament and couldn't be held accoutable for their actions
Role of the Individual :man: :woman:
Oliver Cromwell was a very prominent Puritan who often voiced his disagreement
John Lilburne: A prominent Leveller
John Pym: An English parliamentarian, leader of the Long Parliament and a prominent critic of Kings James I
John Hampden: He became a national figure when he stood trial in 1637 for his refusal to be taxed for ship money
War :crossed_swords:
The Scottish Crisis and The Irish Rebellion
Trigger Causes
The Irish Rebellion
Grand Remonstrance
The Five Members Coup
Significance
Short Term
Divine right was destroyed, and it demonstrated that kings were accountable to their subjects
This was the first time that a monarch had been executed by his people – sent shock waves across Europe
The monarchy, the House of Lords and the Church of England were abolished from 1649-1660 and England was a republic (but these changes didn't last)
Radical political and religious ideas increased, - people were inspired to demand greater equality, but ordinary people were still denied political influence
Long Term
Many of the ideas of the radicals were used by later groups such as the Chartists in the 19th century.
The English Revolution inspired the American colonists in the American Revolution1776 , and the people in the French Revolution of 1789
The Glorious Revolution in 1688
What Happened?
In 1627, Charles raised a forced loan, and imprisoned those who refused to pay it
Charles then ruled without calling a parliament for 11 years
Charles I used Ship Money – a tax used in wartime to fund the navy
In 1625, Charles I married a French Princess, Henrietta Maria who was a Catholic
The American Revolution
What Happened?
On July 4th 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed/published
In 1781, British forces surrendered at Yorktown
Causes
Economic :moneybag:
Due to the 7 Years War, Britain as the colonists to pay taxes in return for defence. There were also many unfair taxes (eg. Sugar Tax, Stamp Act)
Role of the Individual :man: :woman:
Loyalists wanted to remain in the British Empire. Moderates wanted to seek a comprimise as they gained from trade with Britain. John Adams lead the movement. Thomas Paine wrote pamphlets
Government Action
Britain passed a sereis of taxes and duties on the colonies (The Suagr Act, The Stamp Act, The Townshead Act). The Declaratory Act of 1776 stated that Britain had full authority over the colonies
Ideas :thought_balloon:
Many belived that they should be repreaneted in legislation that taxed them
Communication :book:
Pampleteers published pamphlets arguing the case for American Indepenance (eg. Common Sense by Thomas Paine)
Significance
Short Term / At The Time
The government dealt harshly with radicals
Began to change thoughts and ideas about the ruling class in England, who were beginning to be seen as corrupt and/or inept
Long Term
Inspired the French Revolution in 1789
It was the first time that a colony has rebelled against the "mother country" and won; set a precedent for others to follow