Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
[G1]-PR7-Openess Defining What Platform Users and Partners Can and Cannot…
[G1]-PR7-Openess
Defining What Platform Users and Partners Can and Cannot Do
The challenges inherent in managing an open platform model
how
to maintaining high quality
who
while maximizing its accessibility to all users want to contribute to the platform
why
affects useage / developer participation /monetization / regulation
an infrastructure designed to falicitate interaction
among producers consumers of value
through core interactions to make exchange possible
information
goods / services
currency
Asymmetry
the more open a system becomes
the more fragmented it becomes
more difficult to
encourages innovation
How open? How closed?
2009
Thomas R. Eisenmann & Geoffrey Parker & Marshall Van Alstyne
A platform is "open" to the extent that
an restrictions are reasonable and non-discriminatory
they are applied uniformly to all potential platform participants
no resrictions areplaced onparticipation in its development, commercialization or use
Being closed
not simply a matter of absolutely forbidding outside participant
but also involve creating onerous participation rules
may discourage /charging excessive fees(or rents)
the profit margins of potential participants are reduce below sustainable levels
the choice between open or closed not black or white
a spectrum between the two extremes
Jobs
recast the open/closed dilemma
fragmented / integrated
a vibrant and healthy platform
depends on the value created by partners who are out of the platform itself
3 kinds of openness decisions
Decisions regarding
develope
r participaation
Decisions regarding
user
participation
Decisons regarding
manager
and
sponsor
partcipation
Open or Close or Gray
the form of screening
decides who to let in
human gatekeepers
select the user, edit content, and provide feedback designed to promote quality
time-consuming and costly
community pressure
the form of feedback
encourages who perform well on the platform
strategy
different level of openness
Apple's Mac operating system v.s. Windows operating system
different kinds of openness
Apple's mobile platform v.s. Google's mobile platform
balance between openness and close
Four models for managing and sponsoring platforms
Licensing model
A group of firms manages while one firm sponsers
Microsoft windows, Google android
Joint venture model
A firm manages while a group of firms sponsors
CareerBuilder, Visa(prior to 2007)
Proprietary model
One firm both manages and sponsers
Macintosh, Visa(after 2007)
Shared model
A group of firms manages while another group sponsors
Android open resource, Linux
OPENING OVER TIME
Proprietary Platform
From close to open
Keep evaluate How to balance
Keep content and value
Shared Platform
From open to close
What to open and what to own
platform manager should seek to own it or replace the app which has the potential to become a powerful platform
platform manager should acquire the functionality and make it available through an open API, when functionality is reinvented by a number of extension developers and gains widespread acceptance by platform