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Lymphatic/Immune System (Terminology (blood - connective tissue composed…
Lymphatic/Immune System
General Functions
- take up excess interstitial fluid (and return it to the blood)
- absorb lipids from the small intestine
- works with immune system to combat invaders
Terminology
blood - connective tissue composed of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and plasma
interstitial fluid - contents are similar to blood plasma, with fewer proteins and fewer blood cells, contains anything a cell would expel
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lymph vessels - composed of a single layer, flaps are present (similar to valves - to keep lymph moving), found almost everywhere
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appendix - traps bacteria, densely packed with lymphocytes, making memory cells
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Lymph Circulation
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capillaries -> vessel (with valves) -> trunk -> ducts -> connect to left and right brachiocephalic veins -> superior vena cava
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Lymphatic cells
T-lymphocytes
binds with foreign cell antigen, secrete proteins into foreign cell that lyse (cut) the cell, cell dies
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B-lymphocytes
transforms into plasma cells, makes antibodies, binds antigens on foreign cells
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Lymph nodes
function - filter, destroys pathogens and foreign cells
locations - cervical, axillary, mammary, inguinal
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tonsils
function - trap and destroy foreign cells, create memory lymphocytes
locations - tubil, pharyngeal, palatine, lingual
structure - several afferent vessels enter it, only 1-2 efferent vessels, composed of RETICULAR C.T. to provide space
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Other Leukocyte Roles
Granulocytes
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Eosinophils - phagocytes allergen, destroys parasites (which are bigger than bacteria)
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Agranulocytes
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Monocytes - found in blood vessels - once they are in tissues, they are macrophages