Respiratory System: function to supply blood with oxygen and dispose of carbon dioxide

Bronchial tree:

Gross and Microscopic Anatomy:

Nasal Cavity:

Paranasal Sinus:

Conchae:bony projection at the ethmoid bone (covered in mucus)

Frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses

Function: increases air turbulance, cleans, warms, and humidifies air. Is Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue.

Function:resonance in speech, cleans, warms, and humidifies air. Cavities are lined with epithelial tissue and mucus membrane.

Pharynx:

Larynx:

Tonsils: surrounds whole oral cavity. Functions as a passageway for food.There are 4 tonsils which function to trap and destroy evading cells.

Nasopharynx: posterior to nasal cavity above soft palate. PCCE lining.

Oropharynx: continuous with posterior portion of oral cavity, extends from soft palate to epiglottis of larynx. Transitions stratified squamous epithelium.

Laryngopharynx: lies posterior to epiglottis and extends to larynx. Transitions to stratifies squamous epithelium.

Tubual tonsils: lies between eustacian tubes.

Epiglottis: "upon" the "glottis" a small opening between vocal chords.

Function: voice production, opens airways, separates food and air helping both travel down the right tube

Trachea:

Functions: passageway for air, have partial rings of hyaline cartilage. PCCE.

Bronchi: tiny branches, however, visible without a microscope, have cartilage rings, made up of PCCE tissue

Bronchioles: smaller branches, less than 1 mm in diameter, No cilica, No goblet cells, and No cartilage. Made of simple columnar epithelium.

Alveoli: air sacs where oxygen exchange occurs.

Type 2 Alveolar cells: simple squamous epithelium, produces surfactant, a liquid which coats the inside of alveoli preventing it from sticking when you exhale

Macrophage: destroys bacteria

Type 1 Alveolar cells: simple squamous epithelium, exchanges gas

Blood Vessels: covers alveolus, simple squamous and basement membrane

Lungs:

Right lung: consists of 3 lobes. Right superior lobe (upper), Right Middle lobe, and Right inferior lobe (lower)

Left lung: consists of 2 lobes, Left superior lobe, and left inferior lobe

Mediastinum: the space between the lungs includes everything in thoracic cavity except lungs.

Pleura of the lungs:

Visceral pleura: attaches directly to the lungs, the deep layer of pleura

Parietal pleura: outer layer attaches to the chest wall

Respiration:

External Respiration: the gas exchange between the blood and the air-filled chambers of the lungs (O2 loading/CO2 unloading)

Internal Respiration: Exchange of gases between systemic blood tissue cells (O2 unloading/CO2 loading)

2 methods of respiration:

Method 1

Method 2

Conducting: Exchanges between external environment. Conducting or moving O2 from nose/mouth to respiratory bronchioles

Respiratory: Exchanges between internal tissues. Moves gas from bronchioles to alveolus

Upper respiratory Tract: Nose/mouth to pharynx

Lower respiratory Tract: Larynx to alvoli