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Sleep-wake cycle (What processes regulate the timing of sleep? (in the…
Sleep-wake cycle
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Shift Work Disorder
What countermeasures are available?
- leaving employment, rapid rotation schedule, clockwise rotation, permanent night work, self-selected work hours, afternoon nap before the next night shift, light exposure during the early half of the night shift, alertness-enhancing drugs
report of difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, non-restorative sleep for at least 1 month
- affects people whose work hours overlap with typical sleep period
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What are individual differences in tolerance to shift work?
- age, gender, personality, circadian type, DA function
- eg. increasing age has negative impact on the ability to sleep during the day
- eg. people with unshifted melatonin rhythm show issues (worse if too much melatonin circulates during the night shift)
What causes sleepiness in shift work?
- circadian misalignment, sudden transitions in sleep schedule
- circadian phase, time awake, prior sleep duration
What are physiological sleepiness indicators?
- Karolinska Sleepiness Scale
- EEG alpha activity
- Standard Deviation of Heart Rate
- slow eye movements
- especially 5-9 Kz band
- eye blink deviations & blink amplitude
- frequent reductions of PFC metabolism, combined with high levels that seem to be related to efforts to fight sleepiness