Lymphatic/ Immune System
General functions
Lymph, Lymph vessels and lymph drainage
Lymphatic cells, structures, and organs
Takes excess interstitial fluid and returns it to blood
absorbs lipids from small intestine
works with immune system and protects body from foreign organism
Blood
proteins slowly leak out
water, Co2 and other wastes
Interstitial fluid
Lymph
when in lymph vessels is called lymph
Highly permeable vessels that collect the excess tissue fluid.
Blood vessels
only single layer of epithelial tissue
Lymph vessels
larger lymph vessels, like veins have valves
blood flows in close circuit lymph flows from distal region of body toward the heart.
lymphatic cells
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
binds with antigens on foreign cells
secrete proteins (lyse) that cuts the cells
( Bone marrow) transform into plasma cell
produce antibodies
bind with antigen on foreign cells
Lymphoid organs
primary lymphoid organs
bone marrow
thymus
secondary lymphoid organs
lymph nodes
spleen
tonsils
aggregated lymphoid nodules
appendix
removes antigens from blood
destroys worn out blood cells
mostly active during youth
hormones, secreted by epithelial reticular cells,signal the contained T lymphocytes to gain immunocompetence.
trap invading cells and destroy them and make memory lymphocytes
destroy pathogens and make memory lymphocytes
a lot of lymphocyte reside there
lymphoid tissue
location
in frequently infected mucous membranes of digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts, where it is called muscosa associated lymphoid tissues or MALT
Lymphocytes
type of white blood cell of the immune system
recognizes and acts against a specific foreign molecule
MALT abundant
lymphoid tissue is also heavily concentrated in the walls
Lymphatic capillaries
closed end tubes highly permeable to enter tissue fluid and proteins because there endothelial cells are loosely joined
lacteals absorb digested fat from the small intestine
lymph flows very slowly through collecting lymph vessels
Lymph trunks
drain a large body region all except the intestinal trunk are paired
Lymph ducts
right lymphatic duct
drains lymph from the superior right quarter of the body
thoracic duct
drains lymph from the rest of the body
drain into braciocephalic vein
lymph circulation
lymphatic capillary
collecting lymphatic vessels with veins
lymph nodes
lymph trunk
lymph duct
heart
Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophil
destroy bacteria by phagocytosis
Eosinophils
turn off allergic responses and kill parasties
Basophils
release histamine and other mediators of inflammation
Agranulocytes
lymphocytes
mount immune response by direct cell attack or antibodies
monocytes
phagocytosis develop into macrophages in tissues
red marrow
yellow marrow
actively generate blood cells
dormant, makes blood cells only in emergencies the demand increased hematopiesis