Bones
Osteoporosis
low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue
bone fragility
increased fracture risk
increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity
clinical features
fracture
vertebral crush fracture
colle's fracutre
proximal femur
Ix
plain radiographs
DEXA (gold standard)
prevention and managment
sym management
calcium and vit D
bisophosphonate
Bone Metastases
tumour invasion of bone
prostate, breast, lung
symptoms
severe pain; dull, constant ache with spikes of incident pain
decreased mobility
anaemia
hypercalcaemia
abdo pain, confusion, depression, heart arrhythmias
spinal cord compression
Ix
CT
bone scintigraphy
pt injected w technicium-99
more bone turnover = more radioactive material in scan
increased serum calcium
Rx
analgesia w WHO pain ladder
radiation therapy