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Colorectal Cancer (Risk Factors (• Acquired or inherited genetic…
Colorectal Cancer
Risk Factors
• Acquired or inherited genetic predisposition who are exposed to a combination of environmental risk factors
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• Sedentary life style, obesity
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• High-fat, low-fiber diet
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Common Findings
• Symptoms depend on location, size, shape, and metastasis of the lesion
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• Ascending colon:
-Pain, anemia, fatigue, dark red stool
-Palpable mass in RLQ
• Descending colon:
-Obstruction is common. 8%-29% of cases, bowel obstruction is primary symptom at diagnosis
-Progressive abdominal distention
-Pain, vomiting, need for laxatives, cramps, bright blood on surface of stool
• Conditions commonly confused with CRC include: -Diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease, appendicitis, and thrombosed hemorrhoids
Diagnostic Testing
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• Screening includes:
-Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT)
-Stool occult blood testing
-Stool DNA
-Sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, double-contrast barium enema
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-Third most common cause of cancer deaths in the U.S. for men and women
-Prevalence is highest in populations with high socioeconomic status