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Chapter 7.1 (Lecture 3 (Cellular reproduction (most cells reproduce by…
Chapter 7.1
Lecture 3
Endoplasmic reticulum- a fine network of tubular structures that allows for transport of materials into and out of the nucleous, and aids in the making and storage of protein. rough had ribosomes on it. smooth does not have ribosomes but helps with cholesterol making, fat metabolism and detoxification of drugs
Vacuoles- a pouch that is filled with a watery substances, stores food, or waste products
Lysosomes- contains digestive enzymes that digest ans destroy old cells. important functions of the body's immune system. fuses with vacuoles to covert the food to a form that can be used by the mitochondria to produce ATP
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Cellular reproduction
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skin cells, blood forming cells and digestive tract reproduce continuously
Muscle cells only reproduce every few years, but the tissue can and will enlarge
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Meiosis
sex cell division when a female egg or a male cell divide by meiosis the number of chromosomes reduce to 23.
when a egg and sperm join they create a zygote and then they immediately start rapid mitotic division
4-5 days later the zygote is a hollow ball like mass of cells called a blastocyte where embryonic stem cells are found
Tissue
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are 60-99 percent water, water is slightly salty and is called tissue fluid
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4 groups of tissue
Epithelial- covers the surface of the body and is the main tissue of the skin. forms lining of intestines, respiratory, circulatory, and urinary tracts- also form the body glands
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Nerve- made up of special cells called neurons. control and coordinates body activities by transmitting messages. Nerves, brain, and spinal cord
Muscle- power and movement by contraction of muscle fibers. 3 main kinds--- skeletal, cardiac, and smooth (visceral)
Organs and systems
organs- two or more tissues joined together for a specific purpose. heart, liver, lung
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Lecture 1
Human body is like an efficient, organized machine, when the machine malfunctions disease occurs
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Protoplasm
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scientists can combine such elements, but cannot create life
The fluid living content of the cell that consists of two major divisions, the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm
Lecture 2
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Cell parts
Cell membrane- the outer protective layer of the cell it is like a bouncer only lets certain things in and certain things out
cytoplasm- contains organelles; contains H2O, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals, and salts. it is the site for all chemical reactions
Nucleus- separate from the cytoplasm by nuclear membrane. it is the brain of the cell that controls many cell activities and important in mitosis
Nucleolus- round body located in the nucleolus and is important in cell reproduction. ribosomes and protein are made in nucleolus
Chromatin- located in the nucleus and is made up of DNA and protein. during reproduction the cell condenses to forma rod (chromosomes). each human cell has 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs. each chromosome contains between 30,000-45,00 gens.
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Mitochondria- located throughout the cytoplasm. the powerhouse of the cell. that breaks down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats to produce energy called ATP. a cell can contain form 1-1,000
Golgi apparatus- it produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge form cell. cells in salivary, gastric, and pancreatic glands