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Literary Form: (Establishes Genre (Novels (A novels form is typically a…

- - - - Tragedies
        
        Ancient tragedies
        
        A serious work of drama that ends with a tragedy. Began as an ancient Greek tradition. Tragedies were often performed at festivals honoring Dionysus. A classical tragedies form is often characterized by a hero who experiences a fatal downfall due to an inner flaw.
        
        Modern tragedies
        
        The Modern from of tragedy is often characterized by an anti hero whose downfall is attributed to outside forces, such as Blanch DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire.
- - - - A poem's form is usually crucial to analyzing the meaning of the poem. Many devices that go into establishing the form of a poem, including line length, rhyme scheme, stanza length and the overall length of the poem can greatly affect the interpretation of the poem.
        
        Free verse
        
        Poem's in free verse are often void of any strict sense of pattern. The a poem's structure may not be as rigid as a traditional sonnet, their construction and form establishes just as much meaning.
        
        Traditional Forms
        
        Traditional poetic forms include both the Shakespearean and Italian sonnets, blank verse, and many other forms. Traditional poetic forms often help develop a poems meaning. Also the breaking of these forms somewhere in a poem also establishes meaning.
        
        Shakespearean/English sonnet
        
        Contains 3 quatrains, ending with a rhyming couplet. William Shakespeare's "Sonnet 116" is an example of an English sonnet.
        
        Italian/Petrarchan sonnet
        
        Begins with the octave (8 lines abbaabba) moving into the sestet (6 lines cdcde) the volta, or change, occurs between the two parts. John Milton's "When I Consider How My Light is Spent" is an example of an Italian sonnet.
        
        Blank verse
        
        Un-rhymed iambic pentameter
    - - A novel's form, such as the amount of chapters, chapter length, point of view, narrative voice, paragraph length, and sentence structure can all be analyzed for meaning.
    - - A play's form, such as it's set descriptions, stage directions, and sentence structure can all be analyzed to further develop the texts meaning. Other things such as scene length, number of scenes, and the overall length of the work can also be analyzed.
    - - A film's camera angles, scene length, set, costumes, music, props, and dialogue are all forms that should be analyzed when considering a film's form.
        
        Film Adaptations
        
        When analyzing a film that has been adapted from a novel, play or poem, it is important to note how the film and the text differ and how the meaning changes through the change in form. The ending in A streetcar Named Desire (the film) is a good example of a text changing due to adaptation to another medium.
- - - - A literary genre characterized by a romance containing elements of horror, suspense, the supernatural, and mystery. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte is an example of a Gothic novel.
    - - A literary literary genre and movement that took place between the 18th and 19th centuries. Romantics are noted for their emphasis on emotion, nature and the individual. Billy Budd, Sailor, is often considered a romantic novel. John Keats' "Ode to a Grecian Urn" and Walt Whitman's "O me! O Life!" is another example of romanticism.
    - - Realism is a literary genre that places emphasis on accurate descriptions of everyday life. Realism focuses on faithfully portraying place, time, dialect and customs. It arose in the late nineteenth century as backlash against romanticism. Naturalism is similar to realism, but with more emphasis placed on characters inability to pull themselves out of situations imposed on them by outside forces -- whether economic, biological social, societal, or other. A Streetcar Named Desire is an example of both realism and naturalism.
- - - - Metaphor compares two things without the word "like" while smile does use the word. Metaphors and similes are used to add depth and complexity to descriptions and overarching themes.
    - - Imagery and figurative language are used to develop concrete images and describe abstract ideas.
    - - A subtle rhetorical device where something is presented as a contradiction between reality and expectations. writers often use irony for humor, but irony can also develop a text's central meaning.
        
        Verbal Irony
        
        A contradiction between what the writer believes to be true and what they are saying. The most common form of Irony.
        
        Situational irony
        
        Involves a contradiction between expectations and reality within the plot.
        
        Dramatic irony
        
        A disparity between what the character knows and what the audience/reader knows.
        
        Tragic irony
        
        Similar to dramatic irony except tinged with a sense of doom and foreboding