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Corrections By: Taylor Kraft (Constitution Rights of Prisoners (First…
Corrections By: Taylor Kraft
Reformatory Movement
Cincinnati, 1870
The National Prison Association, at its 1870 meeting in Cincinnati, embodied a new spirit of reform.
Elmira Reformatory
The first reformatory took shape in 1876 at Elmira, New York, when Zebulon Brockway was appointed superintendent.
Federal Corrections System
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Created by Congress in 1930 now operates a system of prisons located throughout the nation and housing over 196,000 inmates, supervised by a staff of more than 38,000
Federal Probation and Parole Supervision
Probation and parole supervision for federal offenders are provided by the Federal Probation and Pretrial Services System, a branch of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts.
State Corrections Systems
Community Corrections
States vary in how they run the community punishments of probation, intermediate sanctions, and parole.
State Prison Systems
State correctional institutions, facilities and programs exists for adult male felons from prisons, reformatories, prison farms, and forestry camps to halfway houses.
State Institutions for Women
A little less than 8% of incarcerated people are women.
Jails
Managing Jails
Jail administrators face problems including the perceived role of the jail in the local criminal justice system , the characteristics of the inmate population and fiscal problems.
Role of the Jail
Facilities to detain accused people awaiting trial, jails customarily have been run by law enforcement agencies.
Inmate Characteristics
Mixture of offenders of widely diverse age groups and criminal histories in the US
Constitution Rights of Prisoners
First Amendment
Guarantees freedom of speech, press, assembly, petition, and religion
Fourth Amendment
Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.
Eighth Amendment
Prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments has been tied to prisoners needs for decent treatment and minimum health standards.
Fourteenth Amendment
One word and two clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment are key to the question of prisoners rights.
Community Corrections
Probation
People on probation make up nearly 60 percent of the correctional population yet budgets and staffing have not risen accordingly.
Parole
The number of parolees has not increased surprisingly.