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Default Mode Network (What methods led to the discovery of DMN anatomy?…
Default Mode Network
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Functions
Sentinel Hypothesis (watchman):
- supports exploratory monitoring of external environment when focused attention is relaxed
- supports broad low-level of attention
- "exploratory state"
- activation in DMN during tasks that involve peripheral stimuli
- DMN was linked to high performance on a target-detection task but only for a diffuse attention condition, where targets appeared randomly at multiple possible locations (there was no DMN activity when attention was cued to a specific location)
Internal Mentation:
- self-reflective thought & judgment that depend on inferred social & emotional content (activation of mPFC)
- ToM
- Social evaluations, social categories
- moral decisions
- remembering the past & thinking about the future (also imagining alternative perspectives & scenarios)
- autobiographical information & episodic memory
- thinking about others
- when not focused on external environment, during passive settings
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Competitive functional interactions: DMN works in opposition to other systems (strong negative activity correlations, anticorrelations), dynamic equillibrium
Core regions
Medial Prefrontal Subsystem/ Dorsal medial subsystem:
- dm PFC: social directed thoughts eg. inferring the purpose of others' actions
- TPJ: theory of mind
- lateral temporal cortex: retrieval of social semantic & conceptual knowledge
- anterior temporal pole: abstract conceptual information, social in nature
Medial temporal subsystem:
- Hippocampus: formation of new memories, remembering the past, imagining the future, episodic memory function
- Parahippocampus: spatial & scene recognition & simulation
Functional Hubs (to which all other regions are correlated):
- Posterior Cingulate Cortex (in monkeys retrosplenial cortex)
- vmPFC
- Inferior Parietal Lobe
--> combine bottom up attention with information from memory & perception, provide information from prior experiences
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