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Chapter 7-1: Basic Structure of the Human body (Tissue (Nerve (transmits…
Chapter 7-1: Basic Structure of the Human body
The human body is like a machine
If the body malfunctions it gets a disease
Physiology
study of the process of organisms
Examples: Chemical reactions in the body
Anatomy
study of form or structure of an organism
Pathophysiology
study of the disease and the body's reaction
Congenital
contracted while inside the uterus or mother's stomach
cleft lip
Inherited
transmitted genetically from mom or dad
color blindness or hemophiliac
Infectious
caused by pathogenic organisms
STD's or a common cold
Degenerative
comes or contracted with age. The body starts to degenerate
COPD
Protoplasm
basic substance of life
made up of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
can't create life
made up of cytoplasm and neoplasm (cell nucleus)
Cells
made up of protoplasm
microscopic structure
takes in food and oxygen
produces heat and energy
eliminates waste
adapts to environments
reproduces more cells
vary in sizes and shapes
Cell membrane
outer portion that covers the cell
called the plasma membrane
acts like a bouncer
Cytoplasm
inside the cell, outside the nucleus
semi fluid
70-90%: H2O, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, salts
Chemical reactions take place here
Nucleus
Separated by a nuclear membrane
Controls the cells activities
helps in the mitosis/ cell division process
Nucleolus
one or more small bodies
used in cell reproduction
make ribosomes
Chromatin
In the nucleus
made up of proteins and DNA
condenses to rod like structures during cell divisions
Human cell: 46 chromosomes or 23 pairs
carries inherited traits
Genome: total mass of genetic instruct ions from parents
Centrosome
by the nucleus
Has 2 centrioles
they separate in mitosis
spindle fibers form and attach to chromosomes
helps create even division between the new cells
Mitochondria
Rod shaped organelle
located throughout the cytoplasm
"powerhouse" of the cell
Breaks down proteins, carbohydrates, fats
Produces ATP
major energy source of the cell
Received from your mother
Golgi Apparatus
a stack of membrane layers in the cytoplasm
Produce, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell
More in the salivary, gastric, and pancreatic glands
Endoplasmic Reticulum
allows transports in/out of the nucleus
Can be rough or smooth
rough has ribosomes
rough is the sight for protein synthesis
helps with cholesterol, metabolism, and detoxifying drugs
smooth doesn't have ribosomes
Vacuoles
pouch-like structure filled with watery substance
stores food and waste products here
Lysosomes
oval or round
contains digestive enzymes
they destroy old cells and foreign things
converts the food to be used by the mitochondria to produce energy
Pinocytic vesicles
allows things like fats and proteins and fats to enter cell
Pocket-like folds folds in the cell
closes to form bubbles
fuses with lysosomes to allow digested food to be used by the mitochondria
Cellular Reproduction
cells reproduce asexually
muscle cells reproduce every few years
expand with weight lifting
nerve cells stop reproducing after birth
brain matures every 26 years of age
chromatin's will condense into chromosomes
they multiply to make identical cell-chromatid
Meiosis
2 separate sets of cell division
the egg and sperm cell meet and make a zygote
after 5 days the cells develop to something
can get these type of cells from bone marrow or the umbilical cord
Tissue
cells of the same type come together for a purpose
60-90% water and can be too dry or too full
if the tissue is to salty its called tissue fluid
Edema
swelling of tissue due to access fluid
Dehydration
insufficient tissue fluid
Epithelial
main tissue of the skin that forms the intestine and circulatory lining
Connective
support fabric of organs
can be soft or hard
Nerve
transmits messages
made up of neurons
Nerves, brain, spinal cord
Muscle
helps with power and movement of the muscles
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
Organs/Systems
Two or more tissues together for a purpose
the system is for a function
Organ ex: heart,liver, and lungs
system ex: immune, reproductive, nervous, urinary, circulatory