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Cellular Pathology + Infectious Disease (Types of pathogen (Opportunistic:…
Cellular Pathology + Infectious Disease
Types of pathogen
Opportunistic: P. aeuruginosa
Facultative (accidental) : Baccillus anthracis
Overt pathogen: N. gonorrhoea
Extracellular: P. pneumoniae
Toxin releasing: C. botulinum, tetani, E. coli
Intracellular: Salmonella
C Botulinum
Used in cosmetics, migraines, sweating
Most toxic substance
Neurotoxin blocks Ach
Gr+, spores, anaerobic
Pneumonia: Host response
Adhesins
Neuroaminidase
P. pneumoniae
IgA protease
Pneumolysis: Pore forming, tissue damage
Virulence Factors
Flagella: Motility: penetrate mucin
Siderophores: Fe
Adhesins: fimbrae, pili
Toxins: IgA protease
Capsule
Toxins
Exotoxin
Released proteins extracellularly
Gram pos and neg. High toxicity
Enterotoxin
C.diff, E. coli
Alter permeability of intestine via Na/Cl exhange: diarrhoea
Endotoxin
LPS of gr-. cell bound
Fever, vomiting, diarrohoea
Toxoid: Used in vaccines
V. cholerae
Cholera toxin is exotoxin.
Increases adenylate cyclase and cAMP, altering Na/Cl flux
Gr- curved rod, endotoxin
Salmonella
Siderophores, T1 fimbrae, cytotoxin
Vi capsule, O+H antigen, endo/exotoxins
gr- rod.foodbourne
Invades and proliferates within phago and non cells.
L. monocytogenes
Gi food borne
Lethal in pregnancy, leaukaemia
Gr+ rod, fac. intracellular: listeriosis
Escapes vacuole, cell-cell spread
Strategies of immune evasion
Modify/block IR: Capsule, IgA protease, Fc receptor, interfere signalling (T3 secreted)
Molecular mimicry: ID similar to host. Trigger response vs. autoantigen. (S. pyogenes)
Phase/antigenic variation: Avoids immune system