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cell structure (cell differentiation (animal cell differentiation (early…

- - - - carries electrical signals
        
        long branches connections and insulating sheath
    - - fertilises an egg
        
        streamlined with a long tail, acrosome containing enzymes, large number of mitochondria
    - - contracts to allow movement
        
        contains a large number of mitochondria
  - - - absorbs water and minerals from soil
        
        hair like projections to increase surface area
    - - carries water and minerals
        
        TRANSPIRATION - dead cells cell walls toughened by lignin and flows in one direction
    - - carries glucose
        
        TRANSCOLATION - living cells cells have end plates with holes and flows in both directions
- - - - site of chemical reactions in cell
        
        gel like substance contains enzymes to catalyse the reactions
    - - contains genetic material
        
        controls the activities of the cell and codes for proteins
    - - semi permeable
        
        controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
    - - site of protein synthesis
        
        MRNA is translated into an amino acid chain
  - - - contains cell sap
        
        keeps cell turgid, contains sugars and salts in solution
    - - made of cellulose
        
        supports and strengthens the cell
    - - site of photosynthesis
        
        contains chlorophyll, absorbs light energy
- - - - site of chemical reactions in the cell
        
        it is a Gell like substance containing enzymes to catalyse the reactions.
    - - Floats in the cytoplasm
        
        it controls the functions of a cell
    - - is not made of cellulose
        
        it supports and strengthen the cell
    - - are small rings of DNA
        
        it contains additional genes
    - - semi permeable
        
        controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
- - - - light rays
        
        radiation used
      - ~ 2 000 000
        
        ~ 1500
        
        Max Magnification
      - 0.2nm
        
        200nm
        
        Resolution
      - very large and not possible
        
        small and portable
        
        size of microscope
      - several £100,000 to £1 million plus
        
        ~£100 for a school one
        
        cost
    - - milli (mm)
        
        1mm = 0.001m
        
        x10-3
      - centi (cm
        
        1 cm = 0.01m
        
        x10-2
      - micro (um)
        
        1um = 0.000001m
        
        x10-6
      - nano (nm)
        
        1nm = 0.000000001m
        
        x10-9