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England and Europe (England (Henry VIII wanted to win glory in his foreign…
England and Europe
England
Henry VIII wanted to win glory in his foreign policy, but England was far less powerful than France and the Empire.
France and the Empire were interested in gaining the wealth of Italy, not in what was happening in England.
His best hope of success lay in forming an alliance with either Francis or Charles in their war against each other.
- Population: 2.75 million
- Royal income: £110,000 per year
- Complicating factor: Henry VIII was married to Catherine of Aragon, the Spanish aunt of Emperor Charles V
The Holy Roman Empire
In 1516 he became King of Spain, which included Naples and Sicily in Italy and had begun to conquer lands in Central and South America.
The Austrian Empire in Germany and Hungary and the Duchy of Burgundy on France's eastern border. He inherited these lands in 1506 as heir of the ruling Hapsburg family.
- Population: 23 million
- Royal income: £560,000 per year
In 1519 he became Holy Roman Emperor in Germany. The Emperor did not directly govern the many states within the Empire but he was able to call on an imperial army and had enormous prestige.
France
The King of France, Francis I (1515-47), ruled a large and powerful kingdom.
By the 1450s, the kings of France had steadily rebuilt and extended their territory.
- Population: 15 million
- Royal income: £350,000 per year
Francis I was now fighting Emperor Charles V and the main war zone was northern Italy where both rulers hoped to gain wealthy territories.
Scotland
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Scottish armies continued to raid northern England, especially when England was at war with France.
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The Papacy
The head of the Catholic Church throughout Europe the Pope had a unique power - the power of religion.
By 1520 he faced a challenge form Martin Luther , a German-born critic of the papacy, but a split was far from inevitable and there was a chance that Luther and Rome might be reconciled.
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