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Lesson 2 : Anxiety about the Masses and Mass Media - belief in all…
Lesson 2 : Anxiety about the Masses and Mass Media - belief in all powerful media?
Introduction
Origin of scientific studies
Early theories
30/40
Power
Not based on scientific
The masses
End 19th C - 1945
Industrialisation
Created a class
Inventions
New social relationship
progress & prosperity vs fear of mass media (used by the government)
Early theory
Tönnies (1887)...not as bad as
From Gemeinschaft
Strong feelings
small groups
Interpersonal social interaction
Weber = "ideal type"
Durkheim = "organic community" but /=Tönnies
To Gesellschaft
economic
competition
Impersonal
Large scale
Weber = "ideal type"
Durkheim = artificial
'Mass society'
not fully developed
Negative connotation
Isolation in the masses
Also positif (socialist)
'Mass'
applied to people = negative
Collection individuals but no individuality
Early sociologists : audience if new media = negative
Early concepts of the crowds, the mass and the public
LeBon
3 type of 19th C explanation of "crowds behaviors"
LeBon : not enough
normal individuals but transformed
His life
People in crowds =/ criminals
= irrational
his ideas = influence propaganda
Newspappers
Gabriel Tarde
Multiple publics
Crowds =/ publics
LeBon = era of 'crowds' =/ Tarde = era of 'the public or the publics'
The press does :
Robert E. Park
other distinction between 'crowds' and 'public'
Herbert Blumer
LeBon = Park = Blumer : transformation of individuals in the crowds
Publics =/ groups and crowds
Media audience = 'a mass'
Deferents views of 'mass'
"Mass communication"