Transportation
Railroads and roads
The assembly line
Importance of transportation
The assembly line was first used by a meat cutting company
There were overhead machine powered trolleys that followed the workers' working pace
The workers could concentrate on their piece of meat, and when they're done, and they would put it onto the machine, passing onto the next group of workers that performed another task
The goal of the assembly line is to make each part of the final product as perfect as possible
The assembly line is also designed to minimise unnecessary movement
Henry Ford was famous for using the assembly line effectively
He reduced the time taken to produce a magneto flywheel from 20 minutes to 5 minutes
The applied the technique to chassis assembly
he cut the production time of chassis from 12.5 hours to 6 hours
he continued to improve the time taken for chassis production, and with the help of chain drives, Ford finally managed to cut the assembly time to 93 minutes
Economical impacts
the assembly line reduced the man power needed to produce cars, so the cost lowered
more people could now own cars
before only the wealthy could own cars, but the emerging middle class began to afford automobiles.
The model T's price dropped from $850 to $260
Roads
Waterways
Railroads
Roads were limited before the industrial revolution
In 1817, Congress authorised the construction of the national road, also known as the Cumberland road
The road extended from Maryland to the Ohio River, and it was the largest road project before the 20th century
The Cumberland road would not get muddy or flood, and it made travelling by wagon much faster and easier.
Before the industrial revolution, the river was the easiest way of transporting goods or travelling from the North to South, because the river's current brought it there.
However, if you wanted to go the other direction, it would be very difficult and slow with a flat boat, which was the common boat at the time.
However, the invention of steam boats stopped this problem. The invention of the steam engine became very popular, and many forms of transportation were using it. People started implanting steam engines into boats.
The earliest steam boats involved the steam engine in padding 12 paddles. However, in the 1830s, the steam boats were improved, and a person named James Rumsey created a boat that was moved by jet propulsion
The idea of railroads sparked something in businessmen, and they wanted to create a railroad system that could carry passengers and goods across long distances
It was the only road that lead to the district Old Northwest
The first railroad company was established in 1926, and it was followed by the founding of many other companies. However, there were many accidents as the companies used different rails.
This was solved in 1930, when the t-shaped rail was invented.
Modern world
During the industrial revolution
Transportation extends the range and supply of goods and sources that are consumed in an area, and it allows users to purchase high quality resources at a low price
The development of transportation allow goods to be transported faster, and it would increase the consumption of goods, benefiting both the buyer and the seller and improving the country’s economy as a whole.
Goods needed a fast a reliable way of transportation, and railroads were the solution, and they were affordable as well, as trains are able to create
Transportation also allowed things like online shopping services to be promoted
Transportation plays a similar role in modern society as it does during the industrial revolution
Cities are constantly expanding, and with the help of expanding, people could easily travel from one end of the city to another, balancing out the population in each area of the city.
Paved road networks and city metro systems allow unexplored places to be developed into urban areas and not wasting any land
The speed of coal mining was increased, because instead of transporting coal by hand, they used underground railroads and ponies so then to coal is more stable when being transported and it was faster.
Negatives
Danger and safety issues
Pollution
Particulate Matter (PM) is very dangerous and can penetrate deep into your lungs. One common form of PM is the soot seen in vehicle exhaust. Diesel exhaust is one main contributor
Noise pollution is mainly cause by transportation, and it will disturb the residents living nearby and invade their privacy.
Nitrogen oxide is another dangerous particle that is produced. It produces PM, produces ground level ozone, and weakens your immune system against certain diseases
Car crashes have become one of the main death causes. over 15 million people are injured or died from car crashes annually.