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Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Classification of Flowering Plants (Eudicots…
Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms
Angiosperms are monophyletic
Oldest wood derived from angiosperms Aptian Epoch of Japan
Wind-pollinated trees grouped together to form subclass Hamamelidae
Transition from gymnosperms to angiosperms occurred during the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods of the Mesozoic Era
Classification of Flowering Plants
Eudicots are way more diverse
Early angiosperms diverged into basal angiosperms
Flowering plants follow two lines of evolution, monocots and eudicots
Some species can't be classified as a eudicot, because their features resemble a monocot.
This would cause a polyphyletic group
Basal Angiosperms
Three groups: Amborellaceae, Nymphaeacea, and Austrobaileyales
Pollen grains have only a single germination pore
Basal angiosperms contain the living descendants of several groups
Monocots
Commelinoid Monocots
Poales contain the grass family
All grasses are wind pollinated
Arecales is the order of the palms
Palm leaves occur at the shoot apex
Zingiberales contains familiar house plants
Large showy flowers are produced
Air chambers make plants buoyant
Tepals do not fuse together
All monocots lack secondary growth and wood
Alismatales, Liliales, Asparagales, Dioscoreales
Eudicots
Rosid Clade
Two large clades are fabids and malvids
Rosids have pinnately compound leaves
Asterid Clade
Extremely important medically
Exploit very specialized pollinators that recognize complex floral patterns
It has no betalains
Basal Eudicots
Caryophyllales produce a group of water-soluble pigments called betalains
Santalales are highly modified plants that are parasitic
