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Lymphatic and Immune System (Lymphatic flow- (starts in the capillaries…
Lymphatic and Immune System
Lymphatic System-
fluid leaks out of capillaries into interstitial space within areolar connective tissue
Absorb lipids from the small intestine
Work with the immune system to combat invaders
To take up excess interstitial fluid, return that fluid to the blood
Lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes:
is formed by the thymus (immunocompetent). Will bind with a foreign cell antigen, then secrete proteins into the cell that lyse (cut the plasma membrane) the cell, then the cell dies
B-lymphocytes:
is formed in the bone marrow. Transforms into plasma cell, makes antibodies and then binds to antigens on the foreign cells (macrophages)
Lymphoid nodules-
group of lymphocytes that are just in the intestines
Lymph Nodes
Lymph nodes are all throughout the body but primary in the mammary, cervical, axillary and inguinal regions of the body
They are shaped like a bean, have afferent vessels and 1 or 2 efferent vessels that leave the lymph node composed of reticular connective tissue (provides lots of space)
"filter" - destruction of antigens and pathogens (foreign cells)
Tonsils
Trap foreign cells, destroy and create memory lymphocytes
Four different types of tonsils- 1. Pharyngeal tonsils 2. Lingual tonsils 3. Palatine tonsils 4. Tubal tonsils
Leukocytes
Agranulocytes-
Neutrophil-
phagocytes that destroy bacteria
Eosinophil-
phagocytes for allergens that destroy parasites
Basophil-
secrete substance that bring about inflammation (inflammation is a good thing since it is showing signs that our body is trying to fight off some sort of infection)
Granulocytes-
Monocytes-
start in the blood vessels, then go into tissues and once they are in the tissues they are macrophages
Lympohcytes-
white blood cells that are crucial to our immune system. There are T-cells, B-cells and T-helper cells to eliminate antigens
MALT- Mucosa Associated
Lymphatic Tissue
Location-
digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system and reproductive system
Structure-
loose connective tissue with abundant lymphocytes
Function-
to prevent infection of foreign cells (should happen right away at the time of infection starting)
Organs
Thymus-
(endocrine) epithelial tissue
Spleen-
reticular connective tissue ("big lymph node") remove or destroy pathogens and to recycle old erythrocytes. One can live without a spleen since other organs will take over. Sinusoid capillaries are found in the spleen
Appendix-
destroys pathogens, makes memory cells and are packed with lymphocytes
Terms
Lymphatic capillaries-
only epithelial tissue (one layer) easily take in interstitial fluid, have valves to keep lymph moving. The only difference is that lymph circulation is not a circuit like blood circulation
Interstitial fluid-
similar to plasma but fewer blood proteins and fewer blood cells. Leukocytes may be in interstitial fluid. Anything that a cell would expel. Lymph is interstitial fluid in lymph vessels, may find leukocytes
Lymphatic flow-
starts in the capillaries then goes to the vessels (which have valves) then to the trunks (larger vessels) then to the ducts
the ducts connect to the right and left brachiocephalic veins then goes to the superior vena cava then to the right atrium
Right brachiocephalic vein consists of the right side of the head, right upper limb, right thoracic cavity and the right upper quadrant
Left brachiocephalic vein consists of everything else